Television and Its Imapact on Society Essay -- essays papers

Television and Its Imapact on SocietyIntroduction Vladimir Kosma Zworykin created a rudimentary versionof the goggle box in 1924 however, the first realistically working telecasting was made possible by Philo Taylor Farnsworth in the 1940s. These televisions were exceptionally expensive, consequently only the affluent members of society had glide slope to them. It was only in 1960 beginning with the presidential election that the television became fashionable to the common public. From that moment on, television has had an immense impact on nearly each facet of our social order, from political affairs to child behavior. This paper will observe some of the more remarkable proceedings and issues television has, and is still, concerned with. Ultimately, this evidence will conclude with the nature of influence this solitary device has had on our way of life throughout the years.Vietnam WarTelevision bathroom, and in many cases does, substitute the public attitude of politic al events, as was illustrated in the Vietnam War. During the Vietnam War, Hollywood began generating films in order to rouse controversy over the war. These films were filled with anti-war propaganda and allusions to World War II, which triggered the States?s contempt for American involvement in the Vietnam crisis. Upon seeing this and becoming conscious of the threat Hollywood posed, the government began to use those same strategies against the cinematographers. Government documentaries began to uprise on the scene to give significance to what was happening in Vietnam. From that point on, the Vietnam War became a ?television war? because it was said that more citizens were watching the television than the actual war. Journalists began to show ?history through camera lens.? One such journalist is Walter Cronkite. Cronkite visited Vietnam after the Tet Offensive, and publicized his conclusions on national television. His remark that ?the Vietnam War can not be won honorably? cause d Lyndon B. Johnson to withdraw himself from the Democratic Primary Election. Vocal oppositions to the war pealed out across the country as a government issue of the television broadcasts. Rallies, protests and demonstrations began draft-resistance movements. Scenes of cruelty, maimings, bombings, dying Americans, and fleeing refugees flooded American homes everyday. Reporters did everything in their power to... ...al and social decline in America.BibliographyBailey, William C. ?Murder, Capital Punishment, and Television Execution Publicityand Homicide Rates?, American Sociological Review, Vol. 55, No. 5,(October 1990)Boyer, Paul S., et. al. The Enduring Vision. Lexington, Massachusetts D.C. Heath and Company, 1996. Cook, Thomas D., et. al. ?The Implicit Assumptions of Television Research An Analysis of the 1982 NIMH Report on Television and carriage?, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 2, (Summer, 1983)Grabber, Doris A. ?Press and Television as Opinion Resources in Presiden t Campaigns?,Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 40, No. 3, (Autumn, 1976)Hallin, Daniel C. ?The Media, the War in Vietnam, and Political software documentation A Critique of the Thesis of an Oppositional Media?, The Journal of Politics, Vol. 46, No. 1 (February 1984)Hillard, Robert L. ?Television and Education?, Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 29,No. 8, (November, 1958)? Is the Problem with Television or Viewers, American Enterprise. March, 1999Rollins, Peter C. ?The Vietnam War Perceptions Through Literature, Film, andTelevision?, American Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 3. (1984)

Albert Camus The Myth of Sisyphus Essays -- Papers Albert Camus Sisyp

Albert Camus The Myth of SisyphusAlbert Camus essay, The Myth Of Sisyphus is an insightful analysis of the classic work, The Myth Of Sisyphus. In some regards Camus view of Sisyphus can seem quite accurate and in tune with the original text, but based on Camus interpretation of the justness of Sisyphus penalty, it is clear that the writer has some different ideas as well. Camus concludes that this punishment does not have the effect the Gods had intended, and ultimately the tragic hero must be seen as being happy. This is his undischargedest departure from the intent of the original romance wherein the reader is left with the feeling that Sisyphus punishment can be seen as appropriate and just.As his punishment for recapedly outwitting the Gods, Sisyphus is forced to roll a great rock up a steep hill only to have it roll back down each time he reaches the top, forever condemned to repeat the process over and over again. It is this punishment that Camus is most focused on, as the topic of Sisyphus? trickery only comes up to give the reader some screen background on the story. It is unusual however that Camus considers this punishment as an, ?unspeakable penalty in which the whole being is exerted toward accomplishing nothing?, and at the same time assumes that ?The seek itself towards the heights is enough to fill a man?s heart.? The gratification that one might find through hard work could certainly be seen as an accomplishment, but it?s hard to see how this pertains to Sisyphus. Camus states that, ?the workman of today works every day in his life at the same tasks?, and that his pot is, ?no less absurd.? If a man whistles while performing his laborious job it is only because it is assumed that the fruits... ...l text was meant to represent. Camus states that, ?myths are made for the imagination to blow over life into them?, and he surely takes advantage of this. If it is true that Sisyphus truly owns his fate and is the master of his own ?a bsurd? universe, then that should be seen as his greatest punishment of all, for it does not amount to very much, and as Camus himself pointed out, ?the rock is still rolling.? BibliographyWorks CitedBierlein, J.F. ?The Myth Of Sisyphus.? Lives Through Literature A ThematicAnthology (3rd ed.). Helane Levine Keating and Walter Levy. New Jersey assimilator Hall, 2001. 1042-43.Camus, Albert. ?The Myth Of Sisyphus.? Lives Through Literature A Thematic Anthology (3rd ed.). Helane Levine Keating and Walter Levy. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2001. 1044-46.

How Democratic Is the American Constitution? Essay -- Book Reviews Rob

Robert Dahls book How Democratic is the American Constitution, reminds us that the American Constitution wasnt the only possible base for a democratic system in America. In this book Dahl explains some of the democratic and undemocratic aspects of the American constitution. He also explains what should be changed to improve it.In chapter 2, Dahl begins explaining about the Framers of the constitution who had the task of basically creating a new government that combated all of the problems of the new United States of America. The Framers desperately needed to gather intimacy on how to go about creating a new society but, there was very little information that would help them. Dahl then listed a a few(prenominal) events in history that if the Framers knew about it would have significantly changed the way the constitution was created. First, there was a peaceful democratic revolution which altered the way the underlying system would work. Second, during this revolution new political institutions would be created, this would significantly alter the way the Framers setup their framework of...

Relationships Between Vietnam Soldiers and Their Families :: Vietnam War Essays

The relationship between the soldiers of the Vietnam War was different from the relationships with people from home. The soldiers felt as if they could not tell the whole truth rough the state of war through their eyes to their lie withd ones at home. The soldiers that they were with all told the time understood the pain and confusion each other felt, yet no one talked about it. War changed how people had relationships with others. War could bring people closer or tear them apart.The relationships between the soldiers and their families grew or forced them to become distant. The soldier did not wishing to worry his parents at home and knew that they would not understand what he was going through. In the Documentary Dear America Letters Home from Vietnam, directed by Bill Couturie, gifted these relationships change. matchless soldier writes to his mother and tells her that for a second, he felt as if he was on vacation because it was so beautiful in Vietnam. One had to think th at this man wrote this to his mother only for her to worry less. He did not want to tell her the whole truth on what was really going on inside of him. Would anyone from the outside world understand? P.S. tell mom not to worry, there is nothing I cant handle. The soldiers could handle the physical horrors that were happening to them, but the intellectual status of many the soldiers were becoming breakable. How could you tell someone not to worry about you, when you do not even care what was going to happen to yourself. The soldiers were all prepared to die, but waiting was what was driving them crazy. They did not want to tell their 17-year-old girlfriend at home this because she would never understand. How do you tell someone that you love that you are loosing your mind and do even know who the enemy is anymore? Downplaying the whole war situation to your loved one was the only way to note yourself sane and not make them worry too much about you. All of the men were scared, yet d id not know how to show it. They could not show it to their families in letters because that could do nothing but make your mother worry that you were not going to make it. We all scared, one can fall upon this emotion in each individual, some hide it with their mouth and others hide it with their actions.

Salem Witchcraft Essays -- History Witches Papers

capital of Oregon Witchcraft Witchcraft accusations and trials in 1692 rocked the colony of Salem Massachusetts. There are some different views that are offered concerning why neighbors decided to condemn the people around them as witches and why they did what they did to one another. Carol Karlsen in her book The Devil in the Shape of a Woman and Bernard Rosenthal in Salem Story give several factors, ranging from woman hunting to shear malice, that serving explain why the Salem trials took place and why they reached the magnitude that they did. The theories put fourth by Karlsen of a society that accusations against women as witches explain the trail, and Rosenthals ideas of discourse in the community are supported or partially disproved by the documents that are presented by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum. The different motivations and reasons for witch accusations are exhibited in the fitting the visibleness of a witch, the belief in the accusers and guilt by associat ion, the actions of the Putnam family, and the disagreements and discourse in the community. The trial of Bridget Bishop shows how people who fit the general profile of a witch corporation be accused. Karlsen points out that Bridget Bishop had been previously accused of witchcraft in the 1680s the decade before the trials.1 People who where accused of witchcraft where generally suspected of cosmos witches before they are brought to trial. Because of her prior accusation the idea that Bridget Bishop could be a witch is in the mind of the community. Because of the prior accusation Bishop is a prime outlook to be accused again and a prime suspect whenever witchcraft is suspected in the community. Bridget Bishop was brought to court on witchcraft charges in Febr... ...issenbaum (Boston northeastern University Press, 1972), 204. 18. Rosenthal, 3. 19. Rosenthal, 192. 20. Anti-Parris postulation (1695), in Salem-Village Witchcraft, Paul Boyer, and Stephen Nissenbaum (Bosto n Northeastern University Press, 1972), 261-263. 21. The first day of October, 1686, in Salem-Village Witchcraft, Paul Boyer, and Stephen Nissenbaum (Boston Northeastern University Press, 1972), 341. 22. The 27th of December, 1681, in Salem-Village Witchcraft, Paul Boyer, and Stephen Nissenbaum (Boston Northeastern University Press, 1972), 321. Works CitedBoyer, Paul, and Nissenbaum, Paul. Salem-Village Witchcraft. Boston Northeastern University Press, 1972. Karlsen, Carol. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 1998. Rosenthal, Bernard. Salem Story. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Salem Witchcraft Essays -- History Witches Papers

Salem Witchcraft Witchcraft accusations and trials in 1692 rocked the colony of Salem Massachusetts. There argon some different views that are offered concerning wherefore neighbors decided to condemn the people around them as witches and why they did what they did to one another. Carol Karlsen in her book The Devil in the Shape of a Woman and Bernard Rosenthal in Salem Story give several factors, ranging from woman hunting to shear malice, that help explain why the Salem trials took place and why they reached the magnitude that they did. The theories put fourth by Karlsen of a society that accusations against women as witches explain the trail, and Rosenthals estimates of discourse in the community are supported or partly disproved by the documents that are presented by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum. The different motivations and reasons for witch accusations are exhibited in the fitting the profile of a witch, the belief in the accusers and guilt by association, the actions of the Putnam family, and the disagreements and discourse in the community. The trial of Bridget Bishop shows how people who fit the general profile of a witch can be accused. Karlsen points out that Bridget Bishop had been previously accused of witchery in the 1680s the decade before the trials.1 People who where accused of witchcraft where generally suspected of being witches before they are brought to trial. Because of her prior accusation the idea that Bridget Bishop could be a witch is in the mind of the community. Because of the prior accusation Bishop is a indigenous candidate to be accused again and a prime suspect whenever witchcraft is suspected in the community. Bridget Bishop was brought to court on witchcraft charges in Febr... ...issenbaum (Boston Northeastern University Press, 1972), 204. 18. Rosenthal, 3. 19. Rosenthal, 192. 20. Anti-Parris Petition (1695), in Salem-Village Witchcraft, Paul Boyer, and Stephen Nissenbaum (Boston Northeastern Univ ersity Press, 1972), 261-263. 21. The first twenty-four hour period of October, 1686, in Salem-Village Witchcraft, Paul Boyer, and Stephen Nissenbaum (Boston Northeastern University Press, 1972), 341. 22. The 27th of December, 1681, in Salem-Village Witchcraft, Paul Boyer, and Stephen Nissenbaum (Boston Northeastern University Press, 1972), 321. Works CitedBoyer, Paul, and Nissenbaum, Paul. Salem-Village Witchcraft. Boston Northeastern University Press, 1972. Karlsen, Carol. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman. unsanded York W.W. Norton & Company, 1998. Rosenthal, Bernard. Salem Story. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Battle of Kursk

In the winter and spring of 1943, after their terrible defeat in Stalingrad, clearly outnumbered and losing the world-class in the eastern front, Hitler and the German High Command were asking themselves what to do next, in the summer of 1943. The situation was bad not exclusively in the war front. tour Russian tank return increased to unbelievable levels, the German obsession for complex wise super weapons, like the advanced but then new Panther and Tiger tanks, outsizely reduced German tank production.General Guderian, the better German armor expert and commander, said As interesting as these designs were, the practical result was just a reduced production of the Panzer 4, our only efficient tank then, to a in truth modest level. . Shortly before the meshing of Kursk Guderian added, well-nigh the Panther and its crews, They are simply not ready yet for the front. In early 1943 the Germans were about to destroy their own tank production rates by terminating Panzer 4 product ion in return for a production of just 25 new Tigers per month, but at a twinkling of reason Hitler gave control of tank production to Guderian who snatchped this idea.The German plan The debate in the German High Command about what to do in the summer of 1943 was between two options, the realistic option and the enthusiast-optimist option * The realistic option, supported by Guderian and Manstein, the best German field commanders, and by others, suggested to compensate for the large Russian numerical advantage by fully utilizing the superiority of the German commanders and soldiers in tactics, command, and fighting, by a strategy of dynamic mobile justification that would social forepart great losses to the Russians in a series of local clashes.The realistic goal was to tour and delay the Russians, as decisive victory was no broad-run achievable. * The enthusiast-optimistic option, proposed by General Zeitzler, chief of staff of the German ground forces, suggested to conce ntrate al intimately all German tanks, and other forces, to a major decisive battle against a large portion of the Russian armor, in pitch to destroy them and by doing so hopefully regain the initiative.The most suitable place for such a battle, as Zeitzler proposed, was the Kursk salient, a wide region around the city of Kursk, about half way between Moscow and the black sea, where the Germans surrounded the Russians from three sides. It was straightforward that the Russians will keep a large tank force in that location, and the plan was to encircle them in a classic Blitzkrieg style pincer movement of German tanks from North and due south and destroy them. Zeitzlers plan was code named Operation Citadel.When Hitler discussed the two options with his Generals on May 4th, exactly two months before the German onslaught began, it became clear that each of the two options had a major problem. The major problem with Zeitzlers plan to antiaircraft the Kursk salient, was that aerial photos clearly revealed that the Russians were building dense and deep fortifications there in order to counter such an attack, and that many Russian tanks were locomote deeper behind the front line.Instead of an open battlefield Blitzkrieg, it was going to be a direct charge on dense anti-tank defenses. General von Mellenthin warned that such a direct attack will be a Totenritt, a ride to death, for the German tanks. In response to Guderians worries, Hitler himself admitted that whenever he think of this planned attack, his guts turn. The major problem with Guderians option was that it lacked the charm, enthusiasm, and optimistic hope for a major change in the war that Zeitzlers plan had.So the enthusiast Hitler decided in favor of Zeitzlers plan, and calmed his worries of it by ordering to delay the attack for a while in order to incorporate more of the brand new advanced German tanks and tank destroyers in it. The date was set to July 4, 1943. Once the order was given, the Germ ans prepared as best as they could. The entire region was photographed from above, the German commanders visited the front line to observe their intended routes, and the Germans concentrated all available forces in two armies, North and South of the Kursk salient, leaving minimal forces along the rest of the long Russian front.The German force included a total of 50 divisions, including 17 armor and mechanize divisions. These included the most powerful and best equipped German divisions, such as the Gross Deutschland (Great Germany) division and the Waffen-SS tank divisions Leibstandarte (Hitlers bodyguards), Totenkopf (Death skull), and Das Reich (The Reich). The Germans concentrated all their new armor, the Tiger and Panther tanks, and the mighty new Elefant tank destroyers, which had a front armor thicker than a battleships armor.They in addition concentrated all available air units and artillery, and notwithstanding the problems of the German plan it was a formidable concentr ated mobile armor force with great offensive potential. The Russian preparations Thanks to their Lucy spy network, which operated high be sources in Germany via Switzerland, the Russians didnt just expect the German attack, they knew all about it. They received the full details of the German plan, and the Russian military intelligence was able to check most details in the front to ensure that the information was real, not disinformation.The Russians prepared eight defense lines one behind the other, and also positioned their entire strategic mobile reserve East of the Kursk salient, in case the Germans will penetrate thru all these defense lines, which indeed happened. The Russian plan was simple. First, they will let the Germans attack as planned right into their series of very dense defense lines, and after the German armor will be crushed there, the Russian army will start its strategic attack North and South of the Kursk salient and push the Germans West along a wide part of t he front.The Russian defense was unprecedented in its density. A total of 1,300,000 Russian soldiers with 3600 tanks, 20,000 guns, including 6000 76mm anti-tank guns, and 2400 aircraft were concentrated in and around the Kursk salient. It was about a fifth of the Russian military personnel, over a third of the tanks and over 1/4 of the aircraft. They laid 3400 mines per each kilometer of the front, half of them anti-tank mines, and over 300,000 civilians dug thousands of kilometers of anti-tank trenches and other fortifications.The Russian lines were filled with numerous anti-tank guns make in groups of up to 10, each group commanded by one officer and firing at the same target. The Russian camouflage was superb, the Germans said that until they were hit by them, they could identify neither the Russian mine fields nor their anti-tank gun positions. To avoid forcing the Germans to divert from their known plan, Russian air attacks were delayed until the German tanks already moved int o the trap. The Russians were as ready as they could be.The battle of Kursk The German attack in the long run began, in the afternoon of July 4, 1943, as planned. The German armor spearheads, led by the most armored and most powerful Tigers and Elefants, advanced forward in the wheat fields toward the Russian lines. Then came wave after wave of anti-tank aircraft attacks by both sides, German Stukas attacked dug in Russian tanks and Russian Sturmoviks attacked the German tanks. The fighters of both sides engages in air combats over the battlefield, and each sides massive unfathomed artillery also fired.The advancing German tanks suffered rapidly increasing losses from the dense Russian anti-tank defenses, but pressed forward. Once the German heavy tanks reached into the Russian defense lines, they could finally be hit and destroyed from their sides, where they were not so armored as from the front. At this short shop they also lost their superiority in long range firing from thei r powerful guns. In the North, the German attack advanced only 10km into the Russian lines in two days and was stopped, after losing about 25,000 soldiers and cc tanks, but fighting continued.In the South, where they had stronger forces, the Germans sent all their reserves forward and pressed on despite the losses. On July 12, after a week of heavy fighting with heavy casualties in both sides, General Hoth, the German commander in the South side of the Kursk salient, decided to concentrate all his remaining tanks, about 600, and press forward with all their concentrated force deeper, past the last remaining Russian defense line, and into an area more suitable for tank warfare near the small village Prokhorovka.He didnt know that at this point in the battle, the Russian High Command already predicted this development, and since the German advance in the North was stopped, they could now safely send their armor reserve to meet the advancing German tanks in the South. The Russians orde red their entire 5th Guards tank army, which so far didnt participate in the battle, to hurry at maximum speed from its position East of Kursk to meet the German tanks advancing near Prokhorovka.Due to very bad visibility, with thick smoke and dust, when the Russian tanks met the German tanks the next morning, they didnt stop advancing until they were all around and between them, so about 1500 German and Russian tanks fought in a fierce battle of very short firing distances in which the Germans could not exploit their technological superiority in longer range fighting. The Germans lost more than half of their remaining tanks in this great clash which lasted eight hours, and the Russians lost greater numbers.The battle was decided. The next day Hitler ordered to stop Operation Citadel, and the Russians started their counter attack North of Kursk. After the battle The battlefield in Kursk was filled with many hundreds of burnt tanks and crashed aircraft, and so many dead soldiers. The difference of opinion was that while the Russians suffered heavy losses but could continue as planned and shift from defense to a large counter attack in a wide front, the German army in the East just lost the core of its remaining force.In the summer of 1941 the German army attacked Russia and was stopped only near Moscow. In the summer of 1942 the German army attacked in South Russia and reached the Volga river at Stalingrad before it was stopped, and lost the strategic initiative to the recovering Russian army. In the summer of 1943, in the battle of Kursk, the much weaker German army broke its fist and lost its best remaining units in its attempt to regain the initiative in one last major attack, for which the Russians were fully prepared.After the battle of Kursk, the war in the eastern front was a long Russian advance, in which the Russian army returned to all the territory it lost to the Germans, conquered all of Eastern Europe, and reached all the way to Germany and to Berl in and won the war. The Germans could no longer attack or stop the Russian advance, and were just pushed back in a long retreat.

Political Parties Essay

Political parties are an essential component within a popular society. By competing in elections and encouraging citizens with certain different views of society, parties also advance citizens a wide variety of choices in governmental representation, opportunities for policy-making contribution, and chances to form their coun supplys future. Although political parties play such an influential utilisation on a country, often the concerns of the people fall on deaf ears, breaking down the trust that the public had within the parties.When public assurance in political parties is diminished, the whole democratic system falls victim to it. In all democratic systems, the party system must be deeply and strongly grow in the make up of society. Political parties are the main framework of any democratic society. They are the means by which the public come unneurotic freely to drive for the presidency, let loose their ideas, and define their ambitions for their civilization. There may be political parties without democracy being apparent, but there seat be no democracy without political parties.Parties in many countries, including our own South African parties, may be faulty, but they are also crucial in democratic authority. When political parties function effectively, they succeed in developing a few common ideas between a large group of people, and in doing this, they place bosom on the ruling party. Thus, they avail put citizens small concerns into a national context. Citizens may be separated over leaders, or policies but political parties can organize these differences by compromising certain things and helping societies to unite.In addition, political parties train and nominate political leaders who will accept a role in ruling society. Through their efforts to control and influence public policy, political parties play an in-between role, connecting the organisations of government to economic, ethnic, cultural, religious and other general groups. They ca n contribute support behind law, improving the public wellbeing, and develop citizens interests. Their participation in elections allows citizens to hold them responsible for their policies and actions.In multi-party systems, and based on the countries they represent, political parties often express contradictory views on public plans. These just differences of ideas are not only an important part of the democratic course, but the exchanges they generate can also help to create a better understanding of the issues and possible solutions, possibly leading to new insights. Further, when parties in competition present themselves as an alternative, all parties always try to obtain the best plan in public interest, therefore the winner in the end is society.

Sigmund Freud, the Psychopathology of Everyday Life

SIGMUND FREUD THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF EVERYDAY LIFE MIEISHA MARSHALL DECEMBER 1, 2012 HISTORY AND SYSTEMS DR. WAYNE PONIWEZ UNIVERSITY OF are AT MONTICELLO SIGMUND FREUD THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF EVERYDAY LIFE Psychopathology of everyday life (1901) is one of the key studies of the outstanding Austrian scientist Sigmund Freud, who laid the basis for the theory of psychoanalysis, on with The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Introduction to Psychoanalysis (1910) and Ego and the Id (1923).This little book became one of the scientific classics of the 20th century and it is very important not only for psychopathology, provided also for modern linguistics, semantics and philosophy. The most trivial slips of the tongue or pen, Freud believed, can reveal our secret ambitions, worries, and fantasies. The Psychopathology of Everyday Life ranks among his most enjoyable works.Starting with the degree of how he once forgot the name of an Italian painter-and how a young acquaintance mangled a quot ation from Virgil through fears that his girlfriend might be pregnant-it brings unitedly a treasure trove of muddled memories, inadvertent actions, and verbal tangles. Amusing, moving, and deeply revealing of the repressed, hypocritical Viennese society of his day, Freuds dazzling interpretations provide the perfect insertion to psychoanalytic thinking in action.According to Freud, our daily lives teem with unwitting expressions of the wishes and ideas we try to keep hidden. These suppressed notions elude our conscious control and take the form of slips of the tongue, jokes, and seemingly accidental gestures. In this classic of psychology, Freud explores the phenomenon of parapraxis slips of the tongue commonly known as Freudian slips, acts of forgetfulness, misinterpretations, and accidents.These simple and apparently trivial events, he explains, can let deeper meanings with subconscious motivations meanings that can be revealed by analysis and can ultimately offer a clearer perception of the self. The Psychopathology of Everyday Life is the inventory of what goes on when nothing much is going on, or of what we do when we think we know what we are doing. I. Forgetting Proper Names Freud used his own self to do an card on the inability to remembering proper names to psychological analysis.The basis of Freuds argument is that in psychological terms this displacement is not only when arbitrary, but follows regular and predictable paths, in other words, Freud assume that the substitute name or names will relate to the name sought in a way that can be traced, and he hope that if he can succeed in proving this relationship he shall also cast or so light on the process which makes us forget names (Freud, p 6).

Discipline – Necessary or Not

Disciplining a child entails directing and teaching him or her proper behaviors and acceptable morals. Effective disciplining is all about training a child to manage responsibly and practice self control. Discipline is about rewarding and punishing accordingly. It is necessary to discipline children so as to be able to guide them through with(predicate) the loops and turns of life. This discipline should however be within the acceptable parameters (Coloroso, Barbara, 19). Disciplining children has a number of benefits to kids.Through disciplining, children are taught on the appropriate morals that will enable them interact hearty with the rest of the society. Studies have shown that the kind of the upbringing a child receives from home has a bearing on the type of characters that one exhibits in the society and in later life. Though bad behaviors in kids are not necessarily out of bad parenting, the kind of discipline that one receives will determine to a great extent personal int eractions with the rest of the society (Van Zeijl, Jantien Mesman, 628). Disciplining children is important if a child is to achieve set objectives in life.Children have to be taught a muddle of things in life and this cannot be achieved without proper discipline. Aristotle once said that the psyche of an individual immediately after birth is like a tabula rasa, clean slate. The mind then is filled with knowledge as the child grows. Disciplining a child then makes him aware of what is good and what is inappropriate. It directs him t the right path arming him with reclaimable knowledge. It helps them to learn how to obey the rules set in the society and by the government. Within the society, people operate under certain framework of set rules.A child who is develop and taught how to obey rules will enjoy useful interactions with the rest of the society. It is important that a child be taught how to obey laws and authority. Disciplining a child though does not forever and a day t urn out closely especially if the inappropriate tactics are applied. Parents are in a dilemma over the best strategy to try and discipline their kids. Some parents scold and spank their children while others just talk to them in the hope that they will change (Williams, Joseph E, 26). Debate has always ranged over the benefits of tremendous kids as a form of punishment.This however has been found to be more of retrogressive to a childs development. Children may end up enough too timid and submissive (Galivan, Janice, 38). Disciplining children may result to them becoming retroactive than proactive. Disciplining is times a quick fix to problems. Children will tend to behave well in the presence of their parents but get out of control when such a cocoon is broken Disciplining kids may also result to a pathetic esteem. It may create a feeling of inadequacy especially in handling important responsibilities as such kids may be used to supervision.This by and large affects kids broug ht up in highly authoritative environments (Leung, Debbie W. Slep, Amy M,. 525). Disciplining children however is necessary if children are to develop well. Kids remove a guide to direct them towards the proper paths in life. They need to be taught about the societal expectations, good morals and the appropriate attitudes in life. They have to be shown the boundaries in life, acceptable manners and the expected responsibilities. This cannot only be done through observation, it requires firmness.

The Hurt Locker Leadership

other OB theory that is examined in The Hurt Locker is Leadership. This theory is defined as the mogul of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute towards the soundness and success of organizations of which they are members. There are four perspectives on Leadership these perspectives include Trait, Behavioral, Contingency and Transformational. The trait or competency perspective of fallership proposed that leaders are more likely to concord certain in the flesh(predicate)ity, social, physical, or intellectual traits than non leaders.Trait perspective emphasis on leadership competencies, which are learned airs such as skill, abilities, and values. Successful leaders acquire competencies that include * Drive and energy (includes achievement, motivation, ambition, tenacity, and initiative) * Leadership motivation (the desire to lead but not to seek power as an end in itself) * Honesty and integrity * Self-confidence (associated with emotional stabilit y) * Cognitive ability * Knowledge of the business.Another component of Trait perspective is leadership agility, which is the ability to make wise and effective decisions amid complex changing conditions. The next leadership perspective is behavioral. This perspective proposes that effective leader behave in a certain desirable way. This behavior can be perceived as task-oriented, people oriented, neither, or both. A task-oriented room of leadership spells out duties and specific tasks, tells people what to do and how to do it, ensures employees watch rules, and encourages employees to reach peak performance.This look is also referred to as production-oriented and autocratic. On the other dedicate a people oriented or democratic style of leadership shows trust and respect, engages in two-way communication, listens, encourages, give recognition, and provides socio-emotional support to following. The third style is travel to Laissez-faire or uninvolved leadership style, this is an employee-centered style in which the manager permits his or her employees to function within prescribed limits. A balanced leadership style is when the manager exhibits both task and people orientation.The third leadership perspective is Contingency this is a perspective that proposes that effective leadership depends upon the degree of fit surrounded by the leaders style and various factors in the particular situation. By nature, contingency theories are if-then theories If the situation. , Then.. Depending upon the situation an appropriate leadership behavior will be used. There are three leadership theories that take a contingency perspective. First is Path-Goal Contingency theory. This theory proposes that leader effectiveness is ground on an expectancy theory of motivation.This theory advises that the basic role of the leader is to clear the followers path to the goal. Research suggests that leaders can and should swap their style to fit follower and lapplace characteris tics (contingencies). Leaders should use one of four behavior styles to help followers clarify the paths that lead them to work and personal goals. 4 behavior styles are directive, supportive, participative and achievement-oriented. Second is Fiedlers Contingency Theory, this theory suggests that high task and high people orientation is not best in all situations.Effective leadership depends on the match between the leaders style and the degree of correspond he or she has in the situation. When control is high, situation is considered to be favorable and vice versa. Favorableness depends on three key factors or contingencies. Position power the authority associated with the leaders imposing position in the organization. Leader-member relations the quality of interpersonal relationships between a leader and the group members. Task structure the degree of clarity, or ambiguity, in the work activities assigned to the group.The last theory is Leadership Substitutes Theory. This theory suggests that in some situations leaders can reduce the amount of leadership they exercise because it becomes unnecessary overdue to existing substitutes or neutralizers. Things that can substitute for leadership include high skills of employees, team cohesiveness, formal controls. The fourth and last perspective is transformational. The theories mentioned so far have been, transactional leadership theories a process of social exchange between followers and leaders that involves a number of reward based transactions.The transactional leader clarifies performance expectations, goals, and a path that will link achievement of the goals to rewards. Transformational leadership is leadership that inspires followers to share a vision, empowers them to achieve the vision, and provides the resources necessary for developing their personal potential. Transformational leaders lot as role models, support optimism, and mobilize commitment as well as focus on the followers needs for growth. Ch aracteristics and Behaviors of Transformational Leaders Characteristics Behaviors Charisma (idealized influence) followers have complete faith in him/her Articulates vision, mission Inspirational motivation inspires loyalty in the organization Models the vision Individualized consideration gives personal guardianship to all members Builds commitment to mission Intellectual stimulation enables followers to think about old problems in new ways Demonstrates personal integrity evident of leadership is consistently shown throughout The Hurt Locker from Staff Sergeant, vapid Thompson and First Class Sergeant, William pile.At the beginning of the movie Matt Thompson lead the U. S Army Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) in the Iraqi-American war. The trait perspective of leadership demonstrated by Matt Thompson includes Leadership motivation, honesty and integrity, and knowledge of the business. Matt seem to know what he is doing hence he is leading the team. He steps up when required during the first scene of the movie Sergeant JT Sanborn, responsible for(p) for controlling the remote control vehicle is unable to execute his duties so Matt steps in and help out.Matt illustrates people oriented behavior because he tries to communicate with his partners. Matt Thompson is not confident enough and he doesnt have that motivation and ambition, he tries to play it safe. During that scene Sanborn informs Matt that he is within the blast radius and Matt says thanks for reminding me in a sarcastic way which shows lack of confidence. Matt also lacks in leadership agility, as he was not able to make a wise and effective decision during a complex situation which cost him his life.First Class Sergeant, William James is Matt Thompsons replacement. He is an extremely talented individual who shows outstanding leadership skills. After meeting Sanborn he gets emotional and tells him that he isnt toilsome to replace Matt but just wants to do his best. This shows initiative and l eadership motivation. James is very knowledgeable about his business which helps him to be self-confident. James has a balanced leadership style as he exhibits both task and people oriented behavior.James tells people what to do and how to do it, he ensures employees follow rules, and encourages employees to reach peak performance. As a Specialist, Owen Eldridge looks up to James. James recognizes this and tries his best to make sure Eldridge reaches his peak performance by telling him what to do and how to do it. During one of the scenes the bullet of a sniper rifle is jammed and James asks Eldridge to fix it. Unable to do so Eldridge asks James for help. James endangers himself to show Eldridge that he mustiness spit on the bullet to remove to blood because the blood is causing the jam.

Compare and Contrast the Presentation of Family Relationships Essay

Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (OANTOF) by Jeanette Winterson, and Behind the Scenes at the Museum (BTSATM) by Kate Atkinson both highlight the fundamentality of families and the dissatisfaction experienced between these seemingly strained relationships. Both protagonists of the two books feel a sense of unacceptance due to a configuration of reasons involving suppression of desire caused by family members however this secret yearning also reveals itself through the characters experiences as the two novels progress. Both novels sh are one main reputation the quest for identity non only for the main characters, but also for their frets. cherry Lennox, the protagonist of BTSATM is a quirky, complex character who relates the events of her life and those of her dysfunctional family with extend to parts of humour and passion starting with her conception in York, England, in 1959 I exist (p. 9) Atkinson centres the novel on the idea of the conventional nuclear family, which is cl ose to ahead of her time as this concept wasnt in place at the time it was written, however she illustrates this through get under ones skin- young woman relationships and also explores this family unity first with her line drawing of marriage.She presents this concept in gener every(prenominal)y unfavourable terms, her writing shows us how marriage has evolved from women in the Victorian era marrying for primarily societal and economic reasons to the more turn views of the 1960s. Atkinson uses the character of Alice to provide an example of a lower middle-class muliebrity in the 1800s marrying for security so no longer having to work, rather than shaft. Alices choice was simple in its restrictions to go on teaching (which she loathed) or accept Fredericks offer of marriage (p. 32)Her purpose of marriage thus fits juiceless She marries believing she would escape the one thing she loathed, but thus traps herself in years of unhappiness with a man she does not even like not a day passes when Alice doesnt imagine what life would be like if she hadnt espouse Frederick Barker (p. 33). Unmarried women are spinsters, therefore frowned upon by society. uncomplete Rachel, whose marriage to Fredericks was merely appear of justification of acceptance in society, nor Alice, find any kind of fulfilment from their marriages to Frederick Barker as a sullen drunkard with an insatiable appetite for gambling (p. 33)Similar experiences happen to the women of the next two generations. Nells fear of being a spinster encourages her to marry Frank, the only pensionable man left after the war, and resigns herself to a similar life to that of Alices, one of dissatisfaction and second best. This settling for substandard simplicity rather than following dreams seems to become a prominent theme for the women of the book this is thus reiterated with Bunty She marries George after being abandoned by her fianci She wasnt entirely sure about this, but, with the war at present drawing to a close, the possibilities were beginning to fade (p. 108).Buntys marriage was thus, to the reader, predictable to fail as it follows the same unfulfilling course of antipathy and adultery as the antecedent generations. Both Nell and Bunty are pressured into marriage by loving expectations of the time. It is only in the liberation of the1960s, when ruby-reds generation begins to see love rather than social acceptance as the primary motive for marriage this new idea ultimately highlights the fairy tale like quality of the new reasons behind matrimony.Ruby illustrates this illusive expectation of romanticism in marriage and how damaging these unrealistic expectations can be. Ruby marries a beautiful boy with green eyes and shady hair (p. 335) However, these romantic ideas end in some truly wretched years (p. 358). Atkinson presents to us a picture of marriage through the ages that shows how a woman originally gave up her passions for a marriage of acceptance and conven ience in society, to one of Rubys idea of true love, however ultimately all marriage is predetermined, and is thus harmful to all women This is due to previous generations being so unsuccessful.This can be compared with Jeanettes mothers motivations for marriage in OANTOF as a way of progressing further in the church rather than love itself, however she secretly desires Pastor Spratt. The want for and lack of maternal love between Nell and Bunty leads on to the central point of the novel, the relationship between Bunty and her youngest daughter, Ruby. The social restrictions of the 1950s leave Bunty feeling a sense of imprisonment to survive within the domestic expertise as a wife and mother a slave to housework and shes chained to the cooker (p. 44).Bunty, trapped in a place she does not wish to have, dreams about What it would be like if her entire family was wiped out and she could start again (p. 14) this thought to any mother would seem totally unacceptable, she obviously l oves her children, however due to her own relationship with her mother, she is incapable of expressing this love. Bunty begrudges her daughters because they have entrapped her in an unsatisfactory life, this view is similarly held by Ruby, however she dislikes Bunty as a mother due to the romanticised notion of fairy godmother like figures that society enforced upon little girls.Ruby represents her mother as a monster, almost leaving the reader unresponsive and ignorant to Buntys pressures, however this highlights the reality of conventionality within mother-daughter relationships. Although Ruby may try to leave the reader disliking Bunty, it actually creates the opposite feeling as many mothers themselves reading the book will relate to Buntys situation as it is very normal and there is fascination and empathy behind the readers view of Bunty. This can be compared with Jeanettes mother in OANTOF as they are both similar in respect of their individual struggles.Jeanettes mother act ively seeks out combat with others. She feels delighted when she is able to sing hymns to irritate the next-door neighbors. While Jeanettes mother relishes religious fighting, other indication of her hypocrisy stands out in the novel for example her picture of her old flame yet she condemns lesbianism. This fight against the world is similar to Buntys however a contrast could be distinguished as Bunty does not have the ability or confidence to broadcast her struggles or deploy any mechanism to help her, due to her social unacceptance if she did so.We feel sympathy for Bunty, even thought Ruby outwardly wants the reader to see her flaws, we know she is not living the life she wishes to lead and has only married for functionality, whereas this contrasts the view we have on Jeanettes mother as she is made a mockery of. Both Ruby and Jeanette feel a sense of rejection from their mothers. For Ruby this is due to her and her family stopping Bunty living the life she wished for, but also due to the belief of causing Pearls death.For Jeanette this is because of her mothers fight with her homosexuality rather than her daughter herself, which has cursed her mothers plan for Jeanette to be a servant to God For Jeanettes mother, Jeanette is merely a tool for filling expectations of the church thus when she leaves, she leaves acceptance also. Both mothers and daughters share a similarity which makes their unacceptance ironic Bunty in that she was never accepted by her mother stuck right in the middle(p. 94), and Jeanettes mother by the fact she had a lesbian encounter herself.This can be compared with Jeanettes and her mothers relationship. Although there are obvious difficulties in Jeanette and her mothers relationship, Jeanette learns much from her mother and her mothers role in the church. Jeanette is similar to her mother in the sense that she learnt to be an outspoken and strong person, important in dealing with and defending her sexuality. Although she has broke n away from her mothers faith Jeanette has inherited her mothers strength of conviction on pursuing happiness and what she believes is right.

What is Critical Thinking?

fine thinking is the skill to apply reasoning and logic to fresh or un utilize ideas, views, and conditions. Thinking littlely includes seeing stuffs in an open-minded manner and observing an idea or concept from as many approaches as likely. This immanent skill lets people stare past their separate interpretations of the world and to improve and realize the views of others. It is frequently used in discussions, to procedure additional cogent and well-rounded arguments, and in science. The skill to think critically is essential, as it generates new opportunities in problem solving.Being open-minded is a huge portion of critical thinking, permitting an individual to non simply search for out all likely answers to a problem, still to as well study an response that is diverse from what was initially expected. Open-minded thinking needs that a individual does not retain responsibility that his or her method of approaching a circumstances is always best, or even right. Critical thinking is well-defined as reasonable, reflective, responsible, and skillful thinking that is fixated on determining what to have confidence in or do.Critical thinking is analytical thinking. This sort of thinking takes complications away from each other fundamentally and bug out to their origins, in order to solve the problems. Critical thinking is not a matter of gathering selective information. An individual with a respectable memory and who recognizes a lot of facts is not automatically good at critical thinking. A critical thinker is capable to deduce concerns from what he identifies, and he recognizes how to create the use of information to answer problems, and to search for related sources of information to advise him.How is your response different from the nonpareil you wrote in week One? The differences from what I wrote in week one till instanter is that in week one I was just looking up there information and just cite everything, but now I have a good understanding about what critical thinking is and how to be a critical thinker. In week one I did not know how to think critical but now everything I do I make sure Im using critical thinking as an everyday route.

Historical Development in the Field of Toxicology

Historical Development in the Field of Toxicology And Mechanisms and Factors liable for the Entrance of Toxi jackpotts in the Human body and their Harmful cause Jorge D. Rebolledo Columbia Southern University Abs bundle The decide of this paper is to grant a short historical reference in the field of Toxicology and how this argona of acquisition has develop starting from centuries ago until our present. It is also the intention of this paper to explain how the venomouss enter our body, how they are abs bundleed and the mechanisms responsible for that. Introduction As stated by E.Monosson, nearly define Toxicology as the study of noxious materials, including the clinical, industrial, economic, and legal problems associated with them. Although deadlyologyas a conventionally recognized scientific disciplineis relatively new (with major(ip) developments in the mid-1900s), the science itself is thousands of years old. Consider the potential results of early trial and error expe riences of hunter-ga therers for whom identifying a toxic plant or animal was a life or death situation. virtuallywhat of the around deplorable center fields kn ingest to twenty-four hour period are naturally produced chemical shopping centers including ricin from castor beans or tetrodotoxin from the puffer fish.Early humankinds attentive observations of such(prenominal) plants or animals with toxic characteristics as frogs, containing curare, were put to accustom not just for avoidance of toxic meats that for weaponry as well. M some(a)(prenominal) naturally-derived poisons were likely used for hunting, as medicinal (the Egyptians were aware of umteen such toxic malls as lead, opium and hemlock as early as 1500 BCE). Use extended in the end to political poisonings as practiced, for example, by the early Greeks and Romans. With time, poisons became widely used and with great sophistication.Notable poisoning victims embarrass Soc invests, Cleopatra, and Claudius. One of the more interesting stories resulting from a combination of both(prenominal) ancient history and current toxicologic research, is the story of King Mithridates, king of Pontus (120-63 BC) who according to toxicology legend was so afraid that he might be a casualty of political poisoning, is said to have concocted a potion from a great number of herbs for his own consumption. It is believed he understood that by consuming dwarfish amounts of potential poisons, he might protect himself from all would-be poisoner.That is, he believed in the effectiveness of hormesis. Apparently, his plans worked so well that he gained a name for himself as one so mighty he could not be killed. Unfortunately, it is said that when circumstances were such that he desired to kill himself, he was unable to do so by ingesting poison and had to be proceed by means of by a sword instead. Whether or not the story is accepted, it has led current twenty-four hour period scientists to speculate upon the ingredients of his potion. It is believed that some herbs that he whitethorn have used, for example, St. Johns Wort could truly have contributed to detoxification of some different poisons. juvenile studies have demonstrated that St. Johns Wort ( a great deal used as an herbal remedy) can emergence the metabolism or disruption of definite drugs and chemicals. This early story of toxicology relates a in truth important conceptthat all animals have some kind of intrinsic ability for detoxifying a number of naturally-occurring toxicants in small points (so that, in some cases hapless doses of chemicals whitethorn distribute finished with(predicate) the body without causing harm. From this we derive the concept of a chemical threshold), and that these processes can be altered by impression to other chemicals.The question outrides as to how adept animals, including humans, are at detoxifying many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) of the newer industrial chemicals or mixtures of industrial or industrial and natural chemicals. Additionally, it is well know that in some cases, detoxification of chemicals can produce even more toxic compounds. Pre-Industrial Toxicology As declared by E. Monosson, as humans sought to better understand natural compounds that were both beneficial and harmful to them, there was very little if any clear understanding of the fundamental chemical nature of substances.That is, there was no connection between the extract and essence of a poisonous plant or animal and any one particular chemical that might cause toxicity. In fact, an awareness of chemistry in its raw form did not occur until around the mid to late 1600s. Paracelsus, a physician from the sixteenth hundred and one of the early Fathers of Toxicology believed that all matter was composed of three primary bodies (sulfur, salt, and quicksilver). Yet, Paracelsus also coined the now noted maxim of the newly emerging discipline of toxicology All substances are poisons, there is none which is not a poison.The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy. (Paracelsus, 1493-1541) This phrase and Paracelsus name are committed to reposition by hundreds of new toxicology students each year and has become the motto of toxicology. Interestingly, if one takes Paracelsus at face value, it appears that in this quote he was referring to substances which served as potential remedies but could be poisonous if taken in risque enough submergings. Most of us are aware of the fact that overdosing can turn remedies to poisons, even with such apparently innocuous drugs as aspirin and Tylenol.Another branch on the toxicology family tree that developed in the sixteenth century, along with the study of drugs and the use of chemicals in hunting and warfare, was occupational toxicology. As humans learn how to remove and exploit such materials as coal, and metals and other minerals, occupational films to these chemical substances (and chemicals produced incidentally) resulted. Scientists eventually recognized the linkages among illnesses and exposures to these compounds. whatever of the first reports of occupational illness, or diseases caused by activities related to specific occupations, can be found in literature from the mid- to late-1500s. Early occupational observations include the ill effects from lead mining and madness caused by mercury exposure (for example, the saying mad as a hatter was attributed to the common use of mercury in the hat felting process). Later, in the 1700s, Bernardino Ramazzini is credited with bringing to light diseases of tradesmen, including silicosis in stone workers and lead poisoning.In the late 1700s, Sir Percival Potts made one of the more famous observations in toxicology, linking an occupational exposure (in this case dirty word in chimney sweeps) to cancer of the scrotum. At this point we have discussed the pre-Industrial Revolution developments in toxicology, that were primarily disposed to the study o f such naturally-occurring toxicants as the polyaromatic compounds contained in soot and heavy metals, and such toxins as botulinum toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Toxicology and the Chemical and Industrial RevolutionThe chemical/Industrial Revolution of the mid-19th century released many naturally-occurring chemicals into the environment in unprecedented amounts. Also, it produced and released new substances unlike any that had lasted in the natural world. With the production and use of these chemicals, and the need to protect humans from the toxic effects of industrial chemicals, toxicology eventually evolved to include its modern day branches pharmacology, pesticide toxicology, ecumenic toxicology, and occupational toxicology.Towards the mid-late 20th century, environmental toxicology was developed to specifically shout out the effects on both humans and wildlife of chemicals released into the environment. A notable difference among the branches of toxic ology is that pharmacology, pesticides and even occupational toxicology primarily have focused on the effects of relatively high acculturations of single chemicals. This compares to the relatively low concentrations of several different chemicals or chemical mixtures that are relevant to environmental toxicology. The chemicals considered by the earlier branches of toxicology were, and are, a known quantity.That is, the research was designed to address questions about specific, well-characterized chemicals, exposure conditions, and even concentration ranges rather than complex chemical mixtures. For example, pharmacologists might work with a particular supple ingredient (e. g. , salicylic acid or aspirin), and be confident about the route of exposure (oral) and the concentration or dose. This is seldom the case in environmental toxicology, and hazardous waste assessment and kill in particular, where chemicals often are present in mixtures, routes of exposure may vary (for example , from oral to cutaneous to inhalation).Significantly, exposure concentrations prove difficult to determine. Mechanisms and Factors Responsible for the Entrance of Toxicants in the Human body and their Harmful Effects concentration of toxicants Absorption is the process whereby toxicants gain entrance to the body. Ingested and inhaled materials, nonetheless, are considered outside the body until they torment the cellular barriers of the gastro enteral tract or the respiratory system. To exert an effect on internal organs a toxicant essential be absent, although such local toxicity as irritation, may occur.Absorption varies greatly with specific chemicals and with the route of exposure. For skin, oral or respiratory exposure, the exposure dose (or, outside dose) is unremarkably hardly a fraction of the absorbed dose (that is, the internal dose). For substances injected or implanted directly into the body, exposure dose is the same as the absorbed or internal dose. Several fac tors affect the likelihood that a impertinent chemical or, xenobiotic, go forth be absorbed. According to E. Monosson, the most important are Route of exposure assiduity of the substance at the direct of contact Chemical and physical properties of the substance The relative roles of concentration and properties of the substance vary with the route of exposure. In some cases, a high percentage of a substance may not be absorbed from one route whereas a low amount may be absorbed via another route. For example, very little DDT powder will penetrate the skin whereas a high percentage will be absorbed when it is sw surrendered. Due to such route-specific differences in density, xenobiotics are often ranked for hazard in accordance with the route of exposure.A substance may be categorised as relatively non-toxic by one route and highly toxic via another route. The primary routes of exposure by which xenobiotics can gain gate into the body are Gastroenteric tract Key in environm ental exposure to food and water contaminants and is the most important route for many pharmaceuticals. Respiratory tract Key in environmental and occupational exposure to aerial toxicants and some drugs that use this route (i. e. inhalers). peel off Also an environmental and occupational exposure route.A lot of medicines are applied to the skin directly. new(prenominal) routes of exposureused primarily for specific medical purposesare Injections (IV, Subcutaneous, Intradermal, Intrathecal) prefatorialally used for medications. Implants (Hormone patches) Conjunctival instillations (Eye drops) Suppositories For a toxic to enter the body (as well as move deep down, and leave the body) it must pop off hybridizingways cell tissue layers (cell walls). Cell membranes are formidable barriers and major body defenses that prevent foreign invaders or substances from gaining entry into body tissues.Normally, cells in solid tissues (for example, skin or mucous membranes of the l ung or catgut) are so tightly compacted that substances cannot pass between them. Entry, thereof, requires that the xenobiotic have some capability to penetrate cell membranes. Also, the substance must cross several membranes in order to go from one area of the body to another. In essence, for a substance to move with one cell requires that it first move crosswise the cell membrane into the cell, pass across the cell, and then cross the cell membrane again in order to leave the cell.This is true whether the cells are in the skin, the lining of a blood vessel, or an internal organ (for example, the liver). In many cases, in order for a substance to reach its site of toxic action, it must pass through several membrane barriers. Cell membranes surround all body cells and are basically similar in structure. They consist of twain layers of phospho lipid molecules arranged like a sandwich and also known as phospholipid bilayer. to each one phospholipid molecule consists of a phosphat e head and a lipid tail. The phosphate head is polar so it is hydrophilic (attracted to water).In contrast, the lipid tail is lipophilic (attracted to lipid-soluble substances). The two phospholipid layers are oriented on opponent sides of the membrane so that they are approximate mirror images of each other. The polar heads face outward and the lipid tails inward. The cell membrane is tightly packed with these phospholipid moleculesinterspersed with various proteins and cholesterol molecules. Some proteins span across the entire membrane providing for the formation of aqueous channels or pores. Some toxicants move across a membrane barrier with relative ease while others find it difficult or impossible.Those that can cross the membrane, do so by one of two general methods either nonoperational transfer or facilitated transport. peaceable transfer consists of simple diffusion (or osmotic filtration) and is inactive in that there is no fatality for cellular competency or assist ance. Some toxicants cannot simply diffuse across the membrane. They require assistance that is facilitated by specialized transport mechanisms. The primary types of specialized transport mechanisms are Facilitated diffusion Active transport Endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis). Passive transfer is the most common way that xenobiotics cross cell membranes.Two factors determine the rate of passive transfer Differences in concentrations of the substance on opposite sides of the membrane (substance moves from a neighbourhood of high concentration to one having a lower concentration. Diffusion will continue until the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane) and Ability of the substance to move either through the small pores in the membrane or through the lipophilic interior of the membrane. Properties of the chemical substance that affect its ability for passive transfer are lipide solvability Molecular size Degree of ionization (that is, the electrical charge of an atom) Substances with high lipid solvability readily diffuse through the phospholipid membrane. Small water-soluble molecules can pass across a membrane through the aqueous pores, along with normal intracellular water flow. Large water-soluble molecules usually cannot make it through the small pores, although some may diffuse through the lipid portion of the membrane, but at a slow rate. In general, highly ionized chemicals have low lipid solvability and pass with difficulty through the lipid membrane.Most aqueous pores are about 4 angstrom (A) in size and allow chemicals of molecular(a) weight 100-200 to pass through. Exceptions are membranes of capillaries and kidney glomeruli that have relatively enceinte pores (about 40A) that allow molecules up to a molecular weight of about 50,000 (molecules slightly smaller than albumen which has a molecular weight of 60,000) to pass through. Facilitated diffusion is similar to simple diffusion in that it does not require thrust and follows a concentration gradient. The difference is that it is a carrier-mediated transport mechanism.The results are similar to passive transport but faster and capable of moving larger molecules that have difficulty diffusing through the membrane without a carrier. Examples are the transport of sugar and amino acids into red blood cells (RBCs), and into the primaeval nervous system (CNS). Some substances are unable to move with diffusion, unable to dissolve in the lipid layer, and are too large to pass through the aqueous channels. For some of these substances, dynamical transport processes exist in which movement through the membrane may be against the concentration gradient they move from low to higher concentrations.Cellular energy from adenosine triphosphate (ADP) is required in order to accomplish this. The transported substance can move from one side of the membrane to the other side by this energy process. Active transport is important in the transport of xenobiotics into the liver, kidney, and central nervous system and for maintenance of electrolyte and nutrient balance. Many large molecules and particles cannot enter cells via passive or active mechanisms. However, some may enter, by a process known as endocytosis. In endocytosis, the cell surrounds the substance with a section of its cell wall.This engulfed substance and section of membrane then separates from the membrane and moves into the interior of the cell. The two main forms of endocytosis are phagocytosis and pinocytosis. In phagocytosis (cell eating), large particles suspended in the extracellular fluid are engulfed and either transported into cells or are destroyed within the cell. This is a very important process for lung phagocytes and certain liver and spleen cells. Pinocytosis (cell drinking) is a similar process but involves the engulfing of liquids or very small particles that are in suspension within the extracellular fluid.Gastrointestinal Tract The gastrointestinal tract (GI t ract, the major portion of the nutritious canal) can be viewed as a tube going through the body. Its contents are considered out(prenominal) to the body until absorbed. Salivary glands, the liver, and the pancreas are considered accessory glands of the GI tract as they have ducts entering the GI tract and secrete enzymes and other substances. For foreign substances to enter the body, they must pass through the gastrointestinal mucosa, crossbreed several membranes before entering the blood stream.Substances must be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in order to exert a systemic toxic effect, although local gastrointestinal damage may occur. Absorption can occur at any place along the entire gastrointestinal tract. However, the degree of absorption is strongly site dependent. Three main factors affect absorption within the various sites of the gastrointestinal tract Type of cells at the specific site Period of time that the substance remains at the site pH of patronage o r intestinal contents at the site.Under normal conditions, xenobiotics are disadvantageously absorbed within the mouth and esophagus, due mainly to the very short time that a substance resides within these portions of the gastrointestinal tract. There are some notable exceptions. For example, nicotine readily penetrates the mouth mucosa. Also, nitroglycerin is move under the spiel (sublingual) for immediate absorption and treatment of heart conditions. The sublingual mucosa under the tongue and in some other areas of the mouth is thin and highly vascularized so that some substances will be rapidly absorbed.The stomach, having high acidity (pH 1-3), is a significant site for absorption of weak organic acids, which exist in a diffusible, nonionized and lipid-soluble form. In contrast, weak bases will be highly ionized and therefore are absorbed poorly. Chemically, the acidic stomach may break down some substances. For this reason those substances must be administered in gelatin cap sules or coated tablets, that can pass through the acidic stomach into the intestine before they dissolve and release their contents. Another determinant that affects the amount of a substance that will be absorbed in the stomach is the presence of food.Food ingested at the same time as the xenobiotic may result in a considerable difference in absorption of the xenobiotic. For example, the LD50 for Dimethline (a respiratory stimulant) in rats is 30 mg/kg (or 30 parts per million) when ingested along with food, but scarcely 12 mg/kg when it is administered to fasting rats. The greatest absorption of chemicals, as with nutrients, takes place in the intestine, particularly in the small intestine (see Figure 9). The intestine has a large surface area consisting of outward projections of the thin (one-cell thick) mucosa into the lumen of the intestine (the villi).This large surface area facilitates diffusion of substances across the cell membranes of the intestinal mucosa. Since the int estinal pH is near neutral (pH 5-8), both weak bases and weak acids are nonionized and are usually readily absorbed by passive diffusion. Lipid soluble, small molecules effectively enter the body from the intestine by passive diffusion. In addition to passive diffusion, facilitated and active transport mechanisms exist to move certain substances across the intestinal cells into the body, including such essential nutrients as glucose, amino acids and calcium.Also, strong acids, strong bases, large molecules, and metals (and some important toxins) are transported by these mechanisms. For example, lead, thallium, and paraquat (herbicide) are toxicants that are transported across the intestinal wall by active transport systems. The high degree of absorption of ingested xenobiotics is also due to the slow movement of substances through the intestinal tract. This slow passage increases the length of time that a compound is available for absorption at the intestinal membrane barrier. Intes tinal microflora and gastrointestinal enzymes can affect the toxicity of ingested substances.Some ingested substances may be only poorly absorbed but they may be biotransformed within the gastrointestinal tract. In some cases, their biotransformed products may be absorbed and be more toxic than the ingested substance. An important example is the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines from non-carcinogenic amines by intestinal flora. Very little absorption takes place in the colon and rectum. As a general rule, if a xenobiotic has not been absorbed after passing through the stomach or small intestine, very little further absorption will occur.However, there are some exceptions, as some medicines may be administered as rectal suppositories with significant absorption. An example, is Anusol (hydrocortisone preparation) used for treatment of local inflammation which is partially absorbed (about 25%). Respiratory Tract Many environmental and occupational agents as well as some pharmaceut icals are inhaled and enter the respiratory tract. Absorption can occur at any place within the upper respiratory tract. However, the amount of a particular xenobiotic that can be absorbed at a specific location is highly dependent upon its physical form and solubility.There are three basic pieces to the respiratory tract Nasopharyngeal region Tracheobronchial region Pulmonary region By far the most important site for absorption is the pulmonary region consisting of the very small airways (bronchioles) and the alveolar sacs of the lung. The alveolar region has a very large surface area (about 50 times that of the skin). In addition, the alveoli consist of only a single layer of cells with very thin membranes that separate the inhaled air from the blood stream. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases pass readily through this membrane.In contrast to absorption via the gastrointestinal tract or through the skin, gases and particles, which are water-soluble (and thus blood soluble), will be absorbed more efficiently from the lung alveoli. soluble gases and liquid aerosols can pass through the alveolar cell membrane by simple passive diffusion. In addition to solubility, the ability to be absorbed is highly dependent on the physical form of the agent (that is, whether the agent is a gas/vapor or a particle). The physical form determines cleverness into the deep lung.A gas or vapor can be inhaled deep into the lung and if it has high solubility in the blood, it is almost completely absorbed in one respiration. Absorption through the alveolar membrane is by passive diffusion, following the concentration gradient. As the agent dissolves in the circulating blood, it is taken forward so that the amount that is absorbed and enters the body may be quite large. The only way to increase the amount absorbed is to increase the rate and depth of breathing. This is known as ventilation-limitation.For blood-soluble gases, equilibrium between the concentration of the agent in the inhaled air and that in the blood is difficult to achieve. Inhaled gases or vapors, which have poor solubility in the blood, have quite limited capacity for absorption. The reason for this is that the blood can become right away saturated. Once saturated, blood will not be able to accept the gas and it will remain in the inhaled air and then exhaled. The only way to increase absorption would be to increase the rate of blood supply to the lung.This is known as flow-limitation. Equilibrium between blood and the air is reached more apace for relatively insoluble gases than for soluble gases. The absorption of airborne particles is usually quite different from that of gases or vapors. The absorption of solid particles, regardless of solubility, is dependent upon particle size. Large particles (5 M) are generally deposited in the nasopharyngeal region ((head airways region) with little absorption. Particles 2-5 M can penetrate into the tracheobronchial region. Very small partic les (

ATDPTI Paper

The supplies utilise by the Indians on the reservation atomic number 18 completely outdated and unhelpful. An example of outdated supplies on the reservation is when Arnold is still at his school on the reservation and he receives a geometry textbook with his moms name inside of it. He then realizes that this geometry book was used when his mom went to school on the reservation. Soon Arnold had realized that his book was prehistoric he threw the book at his teachers face by accident and broke his nose. The last thing Arnold wanted to do was start the class off bounteously.As ell as supplies teachers are in truth different in the way they act and treat their students compared to the teachers at Reardon. Teachers at Arnolds old school on the reservation have terrible methods of teaching their students. When students go to school, they play on their teachers to teach them, but when the teachers dont so their job right the motive for the students to learn is gone. An example of bad teaching methods or actions in the fabrication ADOPT is when Mr.. P who was Arnolds teacher on the reservation was talk about how teachers were expected to beat their students if something was one wrong.The way people are treated and taught at a young age digest affect the way they act for the rest of their lives. Education is a very important aspect of ADOPT but their are many more. As well as education, currency and income of a household of a family has a huge impact on the way that certain families act. In the novel ADOPT one of the differences in funds been white people and Indian people is their wealth. Wealth determines how much money you receive and depending on that income someone could be poor or wealthy. In ADAPTS Arnold happens to live in a very poor family.When Arnold gets to his new school he notices that both the white people that attend Reardon have nice clothing and Arnold also notices that his clothing is not so nice compared to the other kids. This causes Arn old to feel like he does not fit in, which does not help him specifically on his first day. Money and income also affects peoples way of life. If someone is poor then they might banding lower standards than people who are not poor. When people set lower standards than they should that could be bad because that can lead to not achieving goals that they would want to accomplish.An example of setting bad standards in the novel ADOPT is when Arnold is utter that he will get nowhere in life and the only chance of him getting anyplace in life is through drawing his cartoons. He thinks this way because he does not have the money to go to college or school which makes him feel like he can get no where in life. Money is needed for many things and can help in life if available. To be healthy, one must(prenominal) have a certain diet that suits them. When comparing the health of white people and Indians in the novel ADOPT one ill see that the state of health of the white people is depicted split up than the health that of the Indians.To survive you must eat, but this often did not happen in many families on the reservation including Arnolds family. An example of bad health in the novel ADOPT is after Arnold and the Reardon basketball team beat the basketball team from the reservation. After Arnold had won the game he realized that the some of the players on the reservation team had not eaten the previous night. Arnold felt terrible about this and wished he could change what he had done. Another reason health is important is sickness.

Cooking as an Art Form

Cooking As an Art cause Food, cooking, and whatever related to these themes atomic number 18 usu all in ally considered as an cunning because food is an everyday item that has a wide meaning for all throng. Food can be considered as an art for example the palm of a food, the elan a food is constructed in the plates, or compensate the way many distinguishable foods ar macrocosm mixed in tack together to create a mowting food. Sometimes even sight consider the arrangement of plates in a table as an art. This is called Table Art. Brillat-Savarin in his book, The physiology of preference states that cooking is the oldest of all humanistic discipline.He says that Adam was natural hungry and even a new born child first serves for become feed by his nurse right after he comes to new world (Physiology of degustation, 300). He also believes that cooking and food is the finest art that has had the most influence on human beings civilization (300). Food is one of the fewes t things in whole world that almost everyone becomes satisfied with. When people eat, a kind of satisfaction and pleasure make them happy. And whatever can make a someone happy could be considered as an art.Gastronomy is the companionship and science of whatever related to humans provender (physiology of taste, 51). Savarin believes that Gastronomy is a division of cookery. The way the peaches are adapted and arranged in a table and the way a food is tasted make the food as an art work (physiology of taste, 51). Savarin by his philosophical look explain the joy and sadness that a food can cause by its taste. He says that taste gives us the greatest joy because eating is the only thing which is non followed by regret (physiology of taste, 42).Brillat-Savarin says that the knowledge of Gastronomy is important for everyone. There is this special advantage in their gastronomical knowledge, that they attain through it a altogether personal note in the way their table is maintained they are able to supervise up to a certain point the arrangements which they must then entrust to others, and they may even direct them on occasion. Preparation of food is as much important as the food itself. Only a profound cook can unsex a food in its scoop out way and the final point of intersection is what everyone would like to try.Brillat-Savarin in his book explains how a skilled cook can make a weight that become an immense source of pleasure. He explains different ways it can be prepared, served in whole, cut in fillets or sliced, whether boiled or fried, cold or hot. And what he believes is that it would be always satisfactory (physiology of taste, 91). Sometimes only professional cooks can make an astonishing dish because every one does not have the skill and techniques of preparation of a dish.For example when John Barlow wanted to try the ear part of the pig he found it a little disgusting before he saw the dish but after they prepare his dish he said The culi nary art, I guess, often enquire artifice. Things are cooked so as to disguise their ugly origins. An oxtail, for example, doesnt really look like an oxs tail it looks brown and glazed and beautiful, like a slow-roasted half-brogue (Everything but the squeal, 208). Savarin interestly explains the different economic consumption of sugar in his book and he describes how skillful a man should be in order to mix sugar with different other things to prepare a good product.For instance, sugar mixed with irrigate that is refreshing and healthy, mixed with wine which produces cordials, or mixed with flour and eggs, the result is sponge cakes, muffins, and uncountable delicious pastries which are all the product of skillful cook (physiology of taste, 102 & 103). In the Gourmets diary of a foodie, it was so amazing when Chef Dani Garci was making fantastic dishes by some simple ingredients, like Green and red Gazpacho and Ajo Blanco which are traditional dishes of south Spain. The most sig nificant part is that how they take their times to make these dishes.They are like an art work that an artist put all his time and skill on it to create the scoop up work. It was so amazing when he was making those tomato skins which were frozen in nitrogen. He was using all his skill to make them and coat them with red color. Food and cooking just same as music can inspire people. Usually when people listen to music they like to dance. It is the inspiration of music and brings people together to dance. Food and cooking do the same thing as music does. Gourmands are people who are fond of good eating and Gourmandism has an important effect in our social life.It spreads the spirit of recreation and friendship which brings together different kinds of people, make a friendly atmosphere that people mingle and play in to conversation, and vanish the inequalities of position and breeding (physiology of taste, 153). Also it will motivate the host to do his best in order to make the bes t table for his guests and take care of them. The host uses his knowledge and techniques to contain his guests. Brillat-Savarin states, any preparation which springs from a high intelligence demands explicit praise, and a actful expression of appreciation must always be made whenever it is plain that there is any attempt to please (153). Savarin explains the origin of the table in his book and he brings the note that one of the most important and strong laws of human being is to respect for any one with whom one has shared bread and salt. He says that it happens during the meals that languages should have born and perfected (physiology of taste, 182). From the other point of his view, he explains the effect of Truffles and how it inspires humans. whosever pronounces the word truffle gives voice to one which awakens erotic and gastronomical dreams equally in the sex that wears skirts and the one that sprouts a beard (Savarin, 93). Savarin by his explanations believes that truffle is the diamond of the art of cookery (physiology of taste, 95). The art of food and cooking is really one of the greatest works by a human being in history. The violence of table, unbelievable different tastes, techniques of preparation, and all other aspects that concern active food and cooking should really considered as an art.John Barlow in his book Everything but the squeal, demonstrates the power of table and how a table can bring people around the table. Indeed, it is like a image scene when he was sitting next to a family and he noticed that how they stare down at their table before they start eating, he says their elbows were raised and explains how the table was prepared and arranged, the way the forks and knives were next to dishes (Barlow, 145). In fact, these kinds of excitements are the result of foods and cookings art.In Gourmets diary of foodie, there is a connection between the traditional foods of gypsies and the art and skill of cooking. Manuel Valencia who is a chef and author wrote a book approximately the traditional gypsy foods. He explains what constitute gypsy foods in his books. In the video it is really interesting to see how they cook while they are dancing and how they manage the table and guests. It is the art of gypsies that can entertain their guests and serve them delicious foods by simple ingredients. They prepare nice dishes with the lowest costs and of course this would not be done only if you are a professional cook.Also I noticed that how they prepare Iberico Hams in Spain. It is said in the video that from the dehesa to the table will take 4 years. So what do they do during these years is all about preparing the most delicious ham in the world which plain is so expensive. To conclude this, it is important to know that cooking and whatever is related to foods and cooking is one of the finest arts conceived by human and it should be considered as art in all aspects and themes of cooking, from preparing to eating.

The importance of the illustration to the meaning/interpretation of the poem

The good example shows two distinct characters a boor and a man. The child is the representation of innocence epoch the man is for experience. Significantly, the background of trees and herd sheep brings the viewer to a deeper meaning that is within. The conception of the illustration enables us to hear what William Blake wants us to see, know, and achieve by opening our minds to what has become of the dry land (his world at his time) from what it is envisaged to be.Amongst our senses, vision could be the primary and perhaps the perfumemary for whatever we touch, hear, read, and feel, we need to visualize them far beyond what our serviceman eyes plainly see. The visualization of the Songs of Innocence and Experience through the illustration draws larger and multiple interpretations amidst the variations in the arts coloring and legibility which major role could be the sweetener and clarity of the core subject of the piece human being, both in drawing and words human bein g. 2. Tintern AbbeyIt is evident in the poem how Wordsworth illustrated constitution and used it to present and depict movement and development of his deed. He used it to transcend dull feelings to ethereal ones. Nature mirrors beauty a call for transcendence that we be supposed to see amidst human chaos and emptiness, both within ourselves and within society. The poem opens with the line tail fin years have past , and goes on to the description of a beautiful landscape that is always thundering and amazingly beautiful, highly personifying personality (These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs, With a soft inland murmur. Once again.. ), and vividly describing natures bike yet unchanged beauty. The repetition of Once again leads to the personas frequency of viewing nature and brings us the accord of natures beauty amidst time and space, where he/she highly recognized, recollected, and found solace. Unceasingly, the beauty of nature is hailed, and its role to our lives not tho being the primary source of our survival through provision of our needs however also what nature is amidst material provision.The naked honor behind its existence learn from nature as it transcends us to a state of joy and fulfillment. The persona recognized nature as anchor of purest thoughts, , nurse, guide, guardian of the heart, and soul of moralistic being. In so doing, the poem implicitly reminds us not to exploit nature. How are we suppose to relate with nature is also foreshadowed. Nature, in the last stanza is personified as friend and a sister. It is highlighted as well, that it never betrays as heart that loved it, which brings us to the golden rule.Lastly, it relates to us the intimate relationship of the persona to nature and how nature is recognized, praised, and loved by him that beyond human wanderings, loneliness, and emptiness, consolation, companionship, and love is laid bare to us by nature. The answer to the universal longing for peace and joy is n ature. Nature transcends us to spiritual satisfaction. 3. Kubla khan Kubla Khan is Coleridge attack against sexual abuse by man of power.His use of sound, rhythm, sound, imagery, language, and rhetorical emergences to achieve unity and singularity of theme war warrior and victim which is drawn and placed to a metaphorical meaning elevates his work and reveals his style. The poem opens with the description of a supposed kingdom and a man which holds on a deeper meaning beyond superficial or denotative meaning. His distinctive pairing of words in sinuous rills, clouded sea draws the reader to a more sophisticated unelaborated meaning. The line mighty fountain momently was forced depicts the beginning of sexual intercourse.All through, beginning from the title, to the combination of the sounds of war (from a mans vantage point and the nongregarious music of the woman (victim), a more meaningful work is created a record of a sexual abuse established implicitly that beneath his g randeur and might is an abusive and dangerous man. 4. In Ode to the westward Wind and in To a Skylark Shelley look toes in the physical world for reassuring analogies to substantiate his touch that regeneration follows remnant, that alteration does not mean obliteration, and that mankind should heed the prophetic voice of poets. The introduction of a season in the Ode to the Wes Wind depicts a cycle of generation and regeneration. Shelleys belief that regeneration follows destruction is evidently seen in the whole poem in the sequence of the seasons, after winter comes spring. In the ordinal stanza, the persona visualizes old palaces and towers overgrown with azure moss, and flowers. Through time, it has been altered yet remained sweet a subject evidence that alteration does not mean obliteration.In the last stanza, the persona calls on the west wind to drive away the poets words, which could be a defense to poetry, to mankind depicting poets work as prophetic in effect tim eless and awaken mankinds mind 5. Ode to a Nightingale and Ode on a Greek Urn A search for a reconciliation of the worlds loveliness and its evanescence, its hassle with its pleasure. Beauty is fair play, truth beauty that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know with this line the five-stanza Ode the Grecian Urn by all odds ends, which draws several interpretation from different literary scholars.It summarizes the message of the author, an answer to the multiple what- questions in the first stanza. The work, while it presents duality and separation, or perhaps defiance of what is expected depicted in the lines Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter Bad lovers never, never canst thou kiss, it challenges us to find reconciliations between opposites/dualities that would sum up to the worlds loneliness and its evanescence, where every silence is a sound (second stanza), and along comfort comes sorrow (third stanza).While the first stanza is deeply concer n with what to mean what are our lives for whichever walk is followed, the last stanza answers it. The answer to that search for a reconciliation of the worlds loveliness and its evanescence is embodied in the line Beauty is truth, truth beauty, which is to solely recognize that life is beautiful, that duality and opposition is real and is embodied in the analogous beauty however all has an end and we are but temporal beings the only answer as to how we all should live.Ode to the Nightingale is a heavy depiction of pain evident throughout the poem and herd in the first three stanzas. Amidst pain, is the search for pleasure and for love beyond to-morrow pointing what is beyond time and space. To fly sheet or soar high like that of the nightingale and not to dwell and be consumed and drowned in pain could be the answer. Source It is indicated in the instructions of this paper that own analysis and interpretation is encouraged. www. blakearchive. org/blake

Alan Mullaly and Ford Motors Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alan Mullaly and Ford Motors - Term Paper Example). For instance, it was during the recent global economic downswing that most of the automobile companies faced various challenges in gaining a competitive position to survive in the international market which included General Motors, Harley Davidson and even Ford. It is in this context that leadership advantages were apparently sight in these companies. The most debated issues related to this context were the turnaround of Ford which is stated to be steered by Alan Mulally as the organizational leader (Dean & Varshney, Your Next Turnaround Leader Industry Expert or Outsider?). Alan Mulally is considered to be an outsider to the automobile industry as well as to the company (i.e. Ford Motors) due to the fact that his early professional career related to the Boeing Company, a commercial airplane and integrated defense brass producer and thus had limited knowledge about the operational structure of the automotive industry (BBC News, Boeing Exec make New Ford Chief). He joined the company in the year 2006 when Ford was witnessing losses and severe downfalls in its overall dexterity. In order to face these challenges and sensing the upcoming recession then, Alan Mulally unyielding to borrow a significant amount from the debt market against the companys assets. ... One factor has been the leadership of Alan Mulally and the other factor was the crisis faced by the company during the period. Thereby, the paper intends to recognize the stronger factors to influence the change attention of Ford and reward its remarkable competency in the international platform. Impartial Evaluation Both the factors of change, i.e. the financial crisis faced by the organization and the leadership change witnessed by the organization can be detect as quite significant in influencing the turnaround of the company. It was in the year 2006 when the company was facing losses for four conse thinnedive years. Therefore, it is quite evi dent that the company had to witness significant challenges to maintain its financial competency and survive in the fiercely competitive market of global automobile industry (Armitage, Ford chief operating officer Alan Mulally The Turnaround Specialist). Alan Mulally joined the company during the financial crisis of the company. Financial turmoil was also apparent in the domestic economy of the company that certainly supported the impacts of internal limitations faced by the organization. Considering these facts, Alan Mulally concentrated on the implementation of various strategies that included retrenchment, restructuring of the organizational operations, marketing strategies, as well as financial strategies (Wall pass Journal, Testimony of Alan R. Mulally). Few of the most significant strategies that boosted the change in the organization concentrated on the acceptance of $23.6 billion from the market against the assets of Ford Motors (Armitage, Ford CEO Alan Mulally The Turnaro und Specialist). The strategic decisions of Alan Mulally further initiated to cut almost 30,000