Puma Marketink Mix Essay Sample free essay sample

The constitution of cougar took topographic point in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler and it became a published company in 1986. Puma’s head-quarters are in Germany. They distribute their merchandises in more than 120 states. employs more than 9000 people and generates gross of 2. 5 million dollars. The present CEO and Chairman of PUMA is Jochen Zertz. Puma has construct a strong. planetary indorsement porofolio. 1 that has become the hottest squad and star ensembles in the industry. In 1999. Puma demonstrated its eldritch ability to place athlets before their premier. such as when tenis participant Serena Williams signed with PUMA. she was non even eligible for WTA rankings. but here aggressive manner and competitory nature prevailed. Serena Williams won the U. S. Open and publically thanked PUMA for their support during here trophy credence address after she defeated Martina Hingis in the Women’s individual finals. Torronto Raptor’s. Vince Carter was named 1999 Rookie of the Year have oning PUMA gym shoes. We will write a custom essay sample on Puma Marketink Mix Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Puma is working on a company-wide for a â€Å"paperless-culture† . wereby all internal communicating is conducted via e-mail as of 2001. They are besides video conferincing installations to pass on between it’s design and development centres ( Germany. USA and Hong Kong ) . to speed up the merchandise creative activity procedure and cut down clip devouring travel. Merchandise:PUMA is the chief manufacturer of partisan drive places. race suits and football places. They are premier manufacturers in both Formula 1 and NASCAR and they are in partnership with Ferrari and BMW. it hase a wyde scope of footware. athletic wear. athleticss goods and manner accoutrements for adult male and adult females. The merchandises fulfill wants and desires based on image. non needs. Customers seek the merchandise and service benefits of the image of Puma. they adopt a alone stigmatization scheme. due to the fact that they sell such a broad assortment of different merchandises and trade names. As antecedently stated. Pumas doesn’t have its ain line of merchandises as such. but they do seek to guarantee that the merchandise lines that they stock are of a high criterion of quality. By high quality. it doesn’t needfully intend that the merchandise will last the needed clip period and supply a satisfactory service for the consumer. It besides means that t he merchandises that they stock are non your ordinary merchandises that rivals sell. but that each merchandise has a higher criterion or offers alone characteristics. Monetary value: Puma’s pricing is design to be competitivete with the other manner shoe retail merchants. The pricing is based on the footing of a premium section as mark clients. Topographic point: The market for big section shop such as Puma is chiefly concentrated in big shopping centres. high streets and online. they don’t sell a Pumas trade name as a merchandise. so much as an chance to utilize their services to obtain high quality merchandises. which consumers need at low-cost monetary values in a really comfy shopping ambiance. Promotion: When consumers hear the words Pumas. they associate words such as quality. comfort and handiness. This proves that Pumas is successfully advancing their overall selling scheme. They aim their advertisement at a preponderantly middle-upper category consumer group and this reflects in their selling runs. This image is besides boosted by their shop layouts and presentation. every bit good as their echt concern to stock quality merchandises.

Medical Marijuana

Medical Marijuana Free Online Research Papers Legalizing Marijuana Is Beneficial Grass, pot, weed, bud, dope, indo, hydro, and good old Mary Jane are just a few of the street terms used for marijuana. Marijuana is defined as a mixture of the flowers, stems, and leaves of the Cannabis Sativa plant. When marijuana is smoked, THC [delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol] the active ingredient in marijuana goes from the lungs into the bloodstream, which carries the chemical to all organs in the body (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1). This chemical is what causes the ’high’ people experience by inducing relaxation and heightening the senses (National Drug Intelligence Center 1). â€Å"In the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, marijuana was classified as a schedule 1 substance, which put marijuana into a class with cocaine and other such drugs† (Rawson 1). Many facts have come into perspective since this act that counter the purpose in keeping marijuana illegal. As long as restrictions are set, then the legalization of marijuana would help the medical worl d, the economy, and the judicial system. The government keeping marijuana classified as a ‘schedule one’ substance restricts its medicinal value (Marijuana Legalization Organization 4). Even though marijuana has been passed for medical purposes on many state levels, the federal law makes it possible for practitioners to lose their licenses for prescribing marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana has been shown effective in reducing nausea induced by cancer chemotherapy, stimulating appetite in AIDS patients, and reducing intraocular pressure in people with glaucoma† (Drugpolicy.org 3). At the very least, the government should classify marijuana as a schedule II drug to show the acceptance of its medicinal purposes. A schedule one drug is defined as highly addictive without any medical values, which cannot be prescribed (Rachal 3). All the studies that show marijuana as a beneficial aid to patients should be enough to reclassify it. As long as scientific evidence through clinical studies demonstrates that the benefits outweigh the risks then a substance can be passed for medicinal purposes (Office of National drug control policy 6). Potential lung damage is the predominate negative aspect with smoked marijuana (Rachal 7). When a patient is faced with constant nausea from treatment and chronic pain, lung damage is minimal in comparison (Rachal 7). It is troubling how these cases are continually dismissed. A daily marijuana smoker may experience the same effects as a cigarette smoker such as chest problems like a daily cough or respiratory cancer (U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration 2). Many would argue that there is a pill version of THC, named Marinol that can be used in place of marijuana. A patient suffering from a rare form of lung cancer gave his opinion of Marinol. â€Å"The problem with Marinol is the THC isn’t absorbed into the bloodstream as quickly as with smoked marijuana,† Charles [not his real name] said. â€Å"It almost has a time-release effect. I take 20 mg. of Marinal in the morning with my cancer medication and by the time I’m hungry enough to feel like eating, it’s about 5:00 p.m. After that I’m hungry until I go to bed. I don’t want to have to wait that long for the full effects of the drug to kick in. When I smoke, I feel hungry right away† (Rachal 6). The choice to smoke marijuana or use the pill version should be placed with the patient. Unless it is legalized, then these patients will not have such an option. The government should not be allowed pick and choose who is allowed to use marijuana. By approving researches and keeping marijuana illegal, that is exactly what the government is doing. Recent studies have shown that there is no known type of cancer associated with marijuana (Safer 3). The argument that marijuana’s supposed negative effects outweigh its medical benefits is false. On the other hand marijuana should be legalized for recreational purposes as well because it would free judicial services in order to concentrate on harsher crimes and it would bring in money for the economy. â€Å"According to the national Survey on Drug Use and Health, in 2006, about 6,000 people a day used marijuana for the first time, a total of 2.2 million Americans. Of these, 63.3 percent were under 18† (Bannigan 1). The opposition argues that legalizing pot will not eliminate the use of marijuana to underage users (Bannigan 1). This is true for alcohol as well but history shows how effective prohibition was when dealing with alcohol. The legalization of marijuana is not to eliminate the demand for all users but to aid America’s economy through taxation and limiting judicial costs. The amount of time in money put into marijuana is ridiculous when there are far more harmful drugs such as crack cocaine, methamphetamine and heroine. About one third of $68 billion a y ear spent on corrections is time served for nonviolent drug crimes (Klein 2). About $150 billion is spent on police services and court costs (Klein 2). About â€Å"†¦47.5% of all drug arrests are marijuana-related† (Klein 2). Seems like a lot of time and money wasted on a recreational drug that has never been proven to cause death. â€Å"There were 331 alcohol related deaths and 0 marijuana deaths in 2001 (Safer 1). The jail systems should focus more on violent crimes rather than nonviolent drug crimes. The United States only consists of about 5% of the world’s population but contributes to about 25% of its prisoners (Klein 2). Going to jail for marijuana does not help the drug problems in America. In fact through studies it has been shown that prisoners who only used marijuana going into the system come out using far more harmful drugs and may continue on to other crimes beyond petty drug use (Rawson 2). These funds spent on marijuana could be contributing to ha rsher crimes such as unsolved murders or cocaine busts. Besides the funds spent on marijuana remaining illegal boosting the economy there is also the taxation side. Most believe it immoral to try and profit off a drug. This is why marijuana needs to be reclassified and regulated. Marijuana is a natural occurring resource. It is an herb or plant just like the tobacco plant. If the government does not have a problem with profiting from tobacco then it should not be concerned with marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana is already California’s biggest cash crop, responsible for $14 billion a year in sales† (Miceli 1). That is billions of dollars obtained from a current illegal substance. That is also not including recreational purchases. It blows the mind how much our economy could benefit from such taxation. â€Å"A 10% pot tax would yield $1.4 billion in California alone† (Klein 2). Imagine how much profit could be obtained if there was a 10% pot tax in all 50 states. Those against the legalization of marijuana argue that the healt h risks outweigh these economic benefits. Last time the news was on, America was still in a recession. â€Å"Regardless of your position on legalization of†¦marijuana, the fact is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  America needs money and legalizing this vice is a relatively low-impact way to get it (Miceli 2). The opposition argues that the health risks of marijuana are why it should remain illegal. Yet alcohol is far more harmful than marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana is actually less dangerous than alcohol, cigarettes, and even most over-the-counter medicines or prescriptions† (Legalizing Marijuana 2). Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol will result in death while excessive amounts of marijuana will do no more than put the user to sleep (Legalizing Marijuana 2). As free Americans, they should be able to weigh the risks for themselves. Just like with any other harmful substances such as unhealthy for and/or alcohol (Marijuana Legalization organization 7). Many also believed that the legalization of marijuana will lead to an unproductive America. This seems pretty farfetched when giving the opportunity to drink constantly or go to work; the majority of American’s obviously choose work. â€Å"People who are intoxicated constantly, regardless of the drug, are unlikely to be product ive members of society. There is nothing about marijuana specifically that causes people to lose their drive and ambition† (Drugpolicy.org 4). The opposition should give American people a little more faith. Legalizing a naturally occurring plant will not change the American dream. It may just change how Americans spend their time dreaming. In fact, the patient named earlier also stated he felt motivated to get up and do more after smoking (Rachal 6). The claim that marijuana completely changes a person is not supported. Image distortion, personal identity loss, and hallucinations can be a result from high doses of marijuana (National Drug Intelligence Center 2). These factors do not completely change a person. Alcohol is by far a much more harmful substance. There have been numerous recordings of deaths by alcohol overdose (Safer 1). While â€Å"†¦there has never been a marijuana overdose death in history† (Safer 1). The scientific proofs of marijuana’s harm ful effects are increasingly distorted to keep it illegal (Drug Reporter 2). Marijuana is far less addictive than alcohol or tobacco (Drug Reporter 2, Safer 1). The mild side effects are made clear through yearlong studies and therefore should be presented to the public and let them decide on its recreational benefits. Just like the supporters of legalizing alcohol, Marijuana supporters will fight for its legalization until they succeed (Drug Reporter 3). â€Å"They [Marijuana users] refuse to give up their long quest for justice because they believe in the fundamental values of American society† (Drug Reporter 3). As long as America regulates marijuana in the same manner it does alcohol, then marijuana should be legalized. The tobacco company is allowed to run chaos in a sense because of all the additives they put into their products. If marijuana is legalized, it should not be processed the same way. Bannigan argues the fact that Marlboro can add a little â€Å"harmless ingredients† the way they do with cigarettes in order to help marijuana sale (2). That is why when marijuana is legalized there should be strict guidelines. First would be to make sure all production of marijuana remains pure. Meaning there cannot be any additives to the plant itself. Marijuana should be the pure cannabis sativa plant and nothing more. A second restriction should be placed in the same fashion of alcohol. In other words there should not be any machinery usage under the influence of marijuana. No driving would be allowed while under the influence and can be determined through a dilation test. This will ke ep the streets and work place regulated. The next obvious but still important restriction would be an age limit. The limiting age should be 21 seeing that the government believes 21 if fine for a much harsher substance like alcohol. This will regulate marijuana in the same fashion as alcohol. Thus also keeping the sale of marijuana in trusted occupations. This means the sale of marijuana should only be legal to those that obtain a license. A license should be giving in the same manner as it is now with medical marijuana. Only those that pass background checks and such regulations the government see fit should be allowed to distribute marijuana. With these restrictions in place, the legalization of marijuana would be sufficient enough to be beneficial to society. Even though keeping marijuana illegal holds some valid points, the benefits of legalizing it outweigh those points. Marijuana is a natural herb put on this earth, not created by man like other harmful drugs. Marijuana has been proven to hold medicinal properties that have been used throughout history. Medical marijuana is a benefit to society through the patients it helps. Recreational marijuana can be beneficial to society though taxation and cost of keeping it illegal. There are also harmful effects that can be taken into appraisal and decided on use individually. As long as guidelines and restrictions are set then there should be hardly any negative effects to outweigh the positive ones. Keeping marijuana illegal will only continue the fight against the controversy until the inevitable happens the way it happened with the prohibition of alcohol. Now is the best time to act in order to aid America out of this recession. Either way the battle to legalize marijuana will continue. Mar ijuana’s benefits to America definitely outweigh the harm predicted. It will not lead the way to legalizing other illegal drugs because those drugs are harmful man-made drugs with no medicinal benefits. Marijuana is also a non-lethal drug compared to the other illegal drugs. The proposition of wasting so much time and money on maintaining a natural herb illegal is ridiculous when faced with the option of profiting from it. Marijuana’ recreational and medicinal purposes pose no genuine threat to American society and therefore should be legalized. Research Papers on Medical MarijuanaUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Fifth HorsemanGenetic EngineeringMind TravelThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Elder abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Elder abuse - Essay Example Other types of elder abuse include financial abuse that involves misuse of assets belonging to a defenseless adult, neglect, and abandonment of a vulnerable adult (Jarvis, 2012). Like other types of abuse, elder abuse can be prevented. Effective intervention such as calling for the respect of older people’s assets has the potential to curb elder abuse (Jarvis, 2012). Increasing awareness among family members, physicians as well as mental health professionals can also help break cycles of abuse. For instance, educating the persons close to the older people on the essence of observing the rights of older people will aid significantly in solving this problem. Keeping in touch with older people through simple activities such as taking older friends out to dinner, visiting them as well as calling on them to see how they are faring on will aid in preventing elder abuse. Additionally, participation in committees that advocate observance of older people’s rights as well as encouraging the development of education programmes for older persons on their rights will aid significantly in solving elder

Operation Iraqi Freedom Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operation Iraqi Freedom - Research Paper Example Iraq had no link to terrorism, no weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and no legal rationale to attack. Despite this, Bush decided to invade the Republic of Iraq for causes deemed objectionable to the majority of other countries so he frequently relied on and utilized false information to rationalize it. He lied. This discussion will examine how the truth was a casualty early and often during the lead up to the war and outlines some of the consequences brought about by these far-reaching and deadly deceptions. Bush voiced his disagreement to the concept of ‘nation building’ during the 2000 presidential election debates but as president waged an undeclared war against a sovereign country that had neither attacked first nor threatened to. Immediately following and as a reactionary reply to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, Bush stated the county’s intention to begin a ‘War on Terrorism’ which he portrayed as a protracted battle against those t hat would use terrorist actions in addition to the countries that enabled them. The eventual culmination of the selective legal reasoning and rhetoric concerning the ‘War on Terror’ was Bush’s order of the military to invade both Afghanistan and Iraq, an illegal action on many fronts. Bush had constantly claimed that these actions were legal. First, he argued, due to language existing within the UN Security Council Resolution 1441 regarding Iraq and secondly, the invasions were an act of self-defense which is permitted by international law. Conversely, according to Richard Perle, advisor to U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and official of the U.S. Defense Policy Board, â€Å"international law ... would have required us to leave Saddam Hussein alone.† (Burkeman & Borger, 2003). However, this option would have been â€Å"morally unacceptable† according to the Bush administration. The United Nations Charter, Article 51, Chapter Seven stipulates à ¢â‚¬Å"nothing shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self defense if an armed attack occurs against a member of the United Nations† (United Nations Charter, 1945). Article 51 allows a country the justification to â€Å"deter an act, or acts of imminent or ongoing violence† but only as a transitory solution until the UN Security Council takes the appropriate actions to ensure the protection of the affected region. By precise interpretation of this Article, the rights of self-defense a country can exercise does not comprise the right to retaliate after an attack has ceased. The U.S. defended its invasion and occupation of Iraq to the countries of the world by announce, if not substantiating, that it was a undertaking to remove WMD which endangered not only the U.S. but all other countries as well. Secretary of State Colin Powell as well as other administration officials, predominantly with the U.S. Department of State, enthusiastically endeavored to s tate their justification for aggressive military actions and make this plan as acceptable to as many other nations as they could. Paul Wolfowitz, Deputy Secretary of Defense at that time, is quoted in a Vanity Fair magazine interview dated May 28, 2003 as saying â€Å"For bureaucratic reasons, we settled on one issue, weapons of mass destruction† (Shovelan, 2003). Before to the invasion, Hans Blix, the man in charge of the UN weapons inspection team in Iraq, said unequivocally and very publicly

Agency Relationship Essay Example for Free

Agency Relationship Essay Agency relationship is a consensual relationship between two parties, where one party, the principal, gives authority to another party, the agent, to act on behalf of and under the control of the principal to deal with a third party, thereby creating a fiduciary relationship. The law of agency allows one person to employ another to do his/her work, sell his/her goods, and acquire property on his/her own behalf. Although a principal-agent relationship can be created by a contract between the parties, a contract is not necessary if it is obvious that the two parties intended to act as principal and agent. The intent of the parties can be expressed with words or implied by their actions. The principal can authorize the agent to perform a variety of tasks or restrict the agent to specific functions, but no matter how much authority is given to the agent, the agent represents the principal and is subject to the principals control at all times. More important, the principal is liable for the consequences of the actions that the agent performed, and the actions and words exchanged between an agent and a third party are binding to the principal. This is known as vicarious liability and it is the reason business owners must be extremely careful of who they hire to represent his/her company. Agency theory is the idea that the agent does not always have the principal’s best interests in mind. A voluntary, good faith relationship of trust, known as a fiduciary relationship, exists between a principal and an agent, and there are four main elements of fiduciary duty that the agent has toward the principal for the principal’s protection. The first requires the agent to exercise a duty of loyalty to the principal. An agent cannot receive outside benefits without the permission of the principal, share confidential information, fraternize with the competition of the principal, work for the principals competition, deal secretly with his/her principal, and must exercise appropriate behavior while representing the principals interests. An agent who acts in his/her own interest violates the fiduciary duty and will be financi ally liable to the principal for any losses the principal suffers due to the breach of the fiduciary duty. The second of these duties is the duty to obey instructions. This states that an agent must follow the directions of the principal unless by doing so, the agent would break the law or put himself/herself or others in danger. The third fiduciary duty is the duty of care, which states that an agent must use reasonable care to protect the interests of the principal. And the third of these duties is the duty to provide information. This duty says that an agent must give any and all information to a principal if that information concerns the principal. The duties that a principal has to an agent are the duty to reimburse the agent, and the duty to cooperate with the agent.

Ritz Carlton marketing analysis

Ritz Carlton marketing analysis 1. Introduction: Ritz Carltons marketing conduct is a true paradigm that follows root rudiments of Marketing as a management discipline i.e. recognising, anticipating and satisfying customer needs profitability as defined by Chartered Institute of Marketing, UK (Cited in Brassington Pettitt, 2001). At same point of time, the activities undertaken by Ritz Carlton under its marketing strategy not only contribute to overall brand development but rather also exemplify innovative methods to promote products or services and most significantly how to satisfy claims promised to customers as part of the strategy. This assignment focuses to reveal current positioning of Ritz Carlton in industry, and discuss in depth important factors responsible for success of company. At same point of time, assignment will also examine the imperative factors that contribute to Ritz Carlton quality of service as perceived by customers. Finally light would also be laid down on how company tries to provide consistent -universal experience to its customer all round the world and factors that act as obstacle against it. Company Overview: Ritz Carlton is one of the most well known luxury hotels company in the world. Right from inception, Ritz Carlton has brought significant innovation in practises of hospitality industry (See The Ritz Carlton, 2010a).With history of existence and success of over 100 years, Ritz Carlton as a company currently adopts Limited Liability Company nature of ownership. Ritz Carlton LLC is subsidiary company of Marriot Hotel Incorporation. The parent company, Marriot Hotels hold as many as 18 brands including Ritz Carlton. The Ritz Carlton at presents manages 72 luxury hotels in 24 countries located in 5 different regions in the world, the USA and Canada; Mexico, Caribbean and South America; Asia-Pacific; Europe; and Middle East. Besides, the company has a number of further expansion plans specifically concentrated towards eastern world with a view to take advantage of booming market. (See Worth, 2009) Service Marketing With development of marketing as a discipline, the scope of marketing has also enhanced. Jacques et al (2007) rightly points out that it is organisations self interest that decide its future course of it action. This self interest of any organisation largely depends upon nature of business it adapts and therefore, it is extremely important to recognize with what range of organisation we are dealing with beforehand, (Like Consumer, B2B, Service, Small Business, Web based and so on) so that its marketing strategy can be woven around core goals. Ritz Carlton test on product spectrum offered by Brassington Pettitt (2007) indicates that the product that they deal with is characterised by extremely greater level of service or in fact pure services. RITZ CARLTON ritz_carlton_logo.jpg Intangibility Perishability Lack of Ownership Heterogeneity Inseparability Different customer will opine differently on their experience at Ritz. Customer involvement plays vital role. Customer need to come in contact with hotel -Service provider. No Exchange of any Items takes place as part of primary offerings. Simultaneous process of producing and consuming service. Essence of Ritz Carlton success measure depends on Experience of customers Figure 1: Position of Ritz-Carlton in the Product Spectrum Assumptions: Ritz Carlton as discussed above is not only a subsidiary of Marriot Hotel Incorporation but also a LLC that deals with various type of accommodation. This does not just include hotels but rather also involves Clubs and residence properties. This assignment specifically focuses on Ritz Carlton as chain of hotels. Moreover, analysis is completely based on its worldwide presence and not limited to any particular geographic market. This is intentionally done so as to understand marketing of Ritz Carlton as chain of hotels rather any specific unit. However, for understanding and justification purpose, region specific examples are cited in certain parts of assignment. 2. Exploring Secret behind Ritz Carltons Success: Ritz Carlton as an organisation offers its services across five continents. Right from USA to Asia its hotels at first look give us experience of beyond imagination architecture and provides stereotype of luxury and elegance. There is no doubt to the fact that physical surrounding (which include premises) in case of service industry act as one of the most important element, that define success criteria for influencing consumer behaviour (Bitner M.,1992) and portray what it stand for. Physical evidences i.e. tangible items add value to service being offered. However, it can be argued that it is not the lone measure responsible for hotels success. The basic reason behind this is, a customer never judges a hotel solely on foundation of its tangible infrastructure (Building, Technological availability, Type of Rooms etc) but rather there are number of other elements that play vital role. This part of assignments will try to identify such important factors responsible behind Ritz Carlton success. Successfully Targeting Segmentation: The need of customers varies for various reasons and therefore it is very important to identify prospective strategic customer for organisation, (Johnson et al, 2008) at same point of time organisation must also have calibre to satisfy the targeted group of customers. Ritz- Carltons continued success, behind the scenes depicts its ability to successfully targets it segmentation, offering perfect Marketing Mix elements. Moreover, it also ensures that modifications are made in marketing mix elements with changing scenario in market trends and both these factors act as key elements. Kotler et al (2009) emphasise on a point that, marketing is all about forming strategy towards consumer and customer needs and thereby offering service or product that satisfy those needs. Ritz Carlton as an organisation in true sense is perfect at following and applying this basic ideology. This assignment aims to identify success factors of Ritz Carlton in light of marketing mix elements with a view to jus tify above argument. Identifying Market Focus (Segmentation): Marriot Hotels has divided their business to number of segments where Ritz Carlton serves as Luxury Lodging (See Marriot Hotel Incorporation, 2008) and hence it is very evident from this fact that Ritz Carlton as a company exists to serve luxurious hospitality Ritz Carlton hotels are located at more than 70 destinations, the basic customer segment which Ritz-Carlton targets is, people with rich lifestyle in all aspects of life. Irrespective of any geographic location on earth, age, social-cultural belief, opinion of an individual, the common element that Ritz tries to concentrate is People with Lavish living. Therefore, it can be invariably noticed that Ritz Carlton adopts concentrated targeting method towards Psychographic segmentation. As Brassington Pettitt (2007) rightly points that lifestyle segmentation is very difficult to define, we came up with following attributes that Ritz Carlton try to target. (See figure 1.1). Psychographic Segmentation Ritz Carlton Figure 2 Targeting Customer Segmentation Factors Defining Success of Ritz Carlton: Perfect Offerings (Product): The product anatomy (See figure 3) of Ritz Carlton illustrates that it is not just a customary hotel which satisfies basic needs but rather, it aspires to provide unforgettable experience to its customers, which perfectly matches its target market. Most importantly, providing value added services as personalised attention very well justify its marketing appeal to customer Experience The Ritz, enabling it to exceed customer expectations. Moreover, this value added services acts as source of tremendous additional revenues for Ritz Carlton. (Baxter J, 2007) One of vital point to focus is product development undertaken i.e. offerings of special packages, with a view to attract more customers and adapt to current market situations. (See Appendix) Furthermore in hospitality industry, locations act as products, as it creates value to selling points and influence buyers behaviour as well (Brassington Pettitt, 2007). All properties of Ritz Carlton are majority placed in USA, China and Europe an countries which are strategically located as it intends to focus on top most tourism and business destinations of the world. (See UNWTO, 2006) Moreover, Ritz Carlton has its hotels at New York, London, Paris, and Dubai which are strongest cities in terms of highest occupancy rates of rooms. (Worth S., 2009) ritz_carlton_logo.jpg Figure 3 Product Anatomy of Ritz Carlton Directly getting in touch with end Customer (Place) In service industry generally, there exist direct selling between service provider and end customer and the basic reason behind this is core characteristics of service products by nature (i.e. Perishability, Intangibility, Heterogeneity, and Inseparability) as discussed above. (Cowell, 1984) The activity of providing service for hotels initiates as soon as customer triggers its efforts for bookings. Ritz Carlton recognises importance of rise in online booking which almost doubled in 2007 (Research by Travelclick cited in Baxter J., 2007) and offers easy access to its customer to book from its own website. Ritz Carlton has also entered into best available rate programmes with website as (such as Thomson.co.uk, InspiredLuxuryEscapes.com) to play with consumer confidence to get cheapest rates on web. This evidently suggests that primary focus of Ritz Carlton is to directly contact the customer which is vital need of service marketing i.e. to reach out customer and influence their behavi our encouraging them to experience your service (Brassington Pettitt, 2007). Pricing Concentrating towards Sub-Segmentations (Price) Price must convince customers perception towards compensation of service offered and value paid against it (Jacques et al, 2007) and therefore it is vital to ensure that pricing strategy is in synchronisation with segment targeted. As Javalgi et al (2006) rightly indicates that Ritz Carlton extends it services to industry executives, meeting and corporate travel planners, and affluent travellers, targeting sub-segments also plays important role. Ritz-Carlton has carved niche for itself which is evident from various range of prices its offer. At Ritz London one night accommodation costs from about  £250 up to  £3500, while similarly in USA markets the range exist between 200$ to 3000$ (As on 10 march 2010). This suggests that Ritz Carlton concentrates on sub segmentation acts as an advantage. However, base pricing is one of the areas where Ritz Carlton needs to seek improvements (See Current Positioning part) to attract more customers. Brassington Pettitt (2007) also brings to notice important issue that price is an important tool to manage demand. Understanding this vital point, during recent tough time company brought out number of attractive packages to influence more customer (Like package of 2 nights stay at 449$ per family) (See Schultenover J; Strout E, 2002) and that defines companys ability to alter marketing mix elements as per relevant conditions. Balance Innovative Endorsement (Promotion): Ritz Carlton involves itself with both form of promotional activities as referred by Berkowitz et al (1992) i.e. product oriented and institution oriented. It adopts a balance promotional strategy ensuring that using product oriented approach it continuously communicates with customers regarding its USP (Unique Selling Point) and recent offerings on other hand it uses Institution oriented approach to preserve Ritz Carlton as a Unique brand with historical excellence influencing consumer behavior. Impact of Promotion on Consumer Perceptions towards Ritz Carlton: High Expertise Premium Brand Life Time Experience Symbol of Status Going Beyond Expectations Respect For Brand A matter of Pride Innovative and benchmark for Quality Figure 4 Impact of Promotion on Consumer In addition to this, Ritz Carlton adapts PULL strategy (Brassington Pettitt, 2007) using perfect medium to directly communicate with customer. With rise in concept of Social marketing Ritz Carlton has tied up with Travel Click to actively manage its promotion over web. (Hospitality.Net, 2009) To target business travellers, paper adverts are given in leading business magazines (e.g. Business Traveller) along with television adverts and advertising in airlines. One of the important observations is Ritz Carlton uses its own Website as major promotional medium. All package brochures, promotional videos, Ritz Carltons own magazine are uploaded to website. (See The Ritz Carlton, 2010) One of the significant points of observation is Ritz Carlton provides innovative edge to its promotion strategy. One of the classic examples is, it markets its biggest asset i.e. Employees. There is not a single promotional videos which fails to give importance to its own staff representing them as creators and followers of high quality standards in industry terming them as Our Ladies Gentleman (See The Ritz London, 2008; Ritz Culture, 2007). Apart from this, instead of using simple adverts Ritz Carlton has created short films which are aired on televisions, hotel rooms, and websites to make people understand what uniqueness of its services is. (See The Delay, 2008; The Last Night, 2008, New Gold Standards, 2010, Audi and Tarma, 2007). Hence innovative and a balance promotional strategy is one of the important factors responsible behind Ritz Carlton success. Staff- A Biggest Asset (People) March, J.G and Simon (1958) emphasise on vital point that organisations are primarily formed and governed by people and therefore image reflection of organisation largely depend upon actions of its staff and this is especially true in case of service industry as it deals with process of interactive marketing (Kotler P and Armstrong G, 2004; Brassington Pettitt,2007). Ritz Carlton understands this vital point and implements customer focused approach. It aims at hiring right people, providing best fit to organisations culture of Putting Customer First who are characterized with a strong sense of values and overall desire to go beyond the call of duty. (Emerald Database, 2003) Furthermore, Ritz Carlton goes step ahead, as an organisation, it strives to get known for its excellent service and that act as a key to its success. Organisation best at this must try to invest their money, talent, time and attention to strengthen their current positing (Ferrell O.C; Hartline M., 2006) and that what Ritz Carlton does by investing in its people. In this process, over the year Ritz Carlton has developed and raised bars of customer services with help of their staff which itself now act as their behavioural core competence that cannot be easily imitated by others. (Johnson et al, 2008; Bacon, 2005) Internal Values Operations (Process) It is important for service industry to pay attention to both, employees and customer to successfully implement process of service profit chain. Ritz Carlton as an organisation aims to take extreme care and respect for their employees, with an understanding that, in return they will put up efforts to fulfil even unexpressed wishes of their customer. (Kotler P and Armstrong G, 2004) The employees are empowered, trained to develop gold standards (See Emerald Database, 2002) and are considered biggest strength of the organisation which produces exemplifying services towards customer. Employees are trained motivated to develop relational exchange with customer with a view to increase loyalty and development of brand. (Jain R and Jain S, 2006) Creating Value Internal Process CUSTOMER FOCUS Figure 5 Service Profit Chain for Ritz Carlton Another important contributing factor is Ritz-Carlton has been successful in developing its own culture of servicing (Kent W, 1990) which is now considered as gold standards (Benchmark) towards quality development in servicing industry. Ritz Carlton also uses CLASS database with purpose of registering likes/dislikes, Interests, preferences, previous problems faced, attitude of every individual customer to provide personalised service. Hence, putting all together, these are innovative process that enables Ritz Carlton to fully engage employees and generate a creative delightful experience to its customer on one hand and simultaneously developing an unique core competence for itself at other hand.(Timmerman J, 2009) 2. Current Positioning According to Kotler et al (2009), all marketing strategy is built on STP Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. A company discovers different needs and groups in the marketplace, targets those needs and groups that it can satisfy in a superior way, and then positions its offering so that the target market recognizes the companys distinctive offering and image. Positioning is process of analysing product or service, offered in context of competitive space (includes buyers and competitors) it works out. (See Brassington Pettitt, 2007; Kotler et al 2009) It is a way of creating and engaging a place in the mind of the target market by highlighting the companys offering, brand and image. The ultimate outcome of positioning is a flourishing establishment of a consumer focused value proposition, in other words a convincing reason why the target market should buy the product (Kotler, 2003) and therefore it act as base to companys success. This part of assignment aims to explore current positioning of Ritz Carlton in market. The basic idea is to understand customers perception towards our brand and towards our closest competitors. At same point of time identifying attributes that are responsible for creation of this illusion in minds of customer Identifying relevant attribute players: The various attribute offered by the brand represents its market position, which are viewed and compared against other brand. Brands that offer similar package of attributes are deemed to be in the same competitive set (Dev C.S et al, 1995) and therefore it is important to concentrate on direct competitors rather than industry as a whole. Efforts must be laid down to identify players with similar attributes competing on same values. (Johnson et al, 2007) It is a nature of the hospitality industry that most of the attributes offered are intangible which makes it tricky for the customer to differentiate the offerings of the competitor as such things can be experience only by staying in the hotel. A part of the positioning is also subjective, as it involves customers perception towards brand. Here, analysis is based on Marketing Metrix Hospitality Index* which reveals price and level of customer satisfaction from the feedback of more than 35000 customers across world. (See appendix) There are numerous players in hospitality industry targeting luxury segment and so it is decided to firstly filter relevant players on basis of tangible attribute i.e. area of market covered geographically, as analysis is based on worldwide scenario. This enables us to get core market competitors (See figure 2) (To an extent it influences customer choice of hotel, as it defines scope of service being provided and also impacts brand creation process in eyes of customer) Hotels Area Covered Number of Properties Ritz Carlton LLC Across 5 Continents 72 Fairmont Raffles Hotels International Group Across 5 Continents Around 65 Starwoods Hotel Resorts Le Meridien 16 Countries 116 Four Seasons PLC 35 Countries Across 5 Continents 83 InterContinental Hotel Group Across 60 Countries 166 (The Ritz Carlton, 2010; Four Seasons, 2010; InterContinental Hotels Resorts, 2010; Fairmont Hotels Resorts; Starwoods Hotel Resorts, 2010) Table 1 Identified Relevant Players on Basis of Geographical area The other two most important attributes identified from view point of customer are price and quality. Quality can be judged on several others important sub attributes (As Quality of food and beverage, physical appearance and in-room facilities, helpful and courtesy of staff, Technology etc.) and therefore this aspect is judged on basis of customer satisfaction index which provides comprehensive picture of it. About MMHI*: Based on 35,000 customer interviews conducted each quarter, the Market Metrix Hospitality Index (MMHI) is the largest and most in-depth measure of hospitality company performance available today. (MMHI, 2010) Taj Hotels Resorts rc_logo_en Industry Competitors Four Seasons Hotels PLC Starwoods Hotel Resorts -ST Regis Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group Fairmont Raffles Hotels International Jumeirah Hotels Resorts Pan Pacific Hotels Resorts Wyndham Hotel Group Market Competitors Marriot Hotels Incorporation* Oberoi Hotels Resorts Rosewood Hotels group Inter Continental Hotel Group Starwoods Hotels Resorts Le Meridien Figure 6: Competitors analysis of Ritz-Carlton Starwoods Hotel Resorts*: Its Brands, St. Regis Le Meridien targets luxury segment within total of 152 properties across world. Marriot Hotels Incorporation*: Although Ritz Carlton is subsidary of Marriot Hotel Incorporation, it has got more than 18 brands and there is defiante possiblity that these brand may compete amongst each other and therefore Marriot Hotel Incorporation is also considered as Industry competitor. Perceptual Mapping: The graph represents all the players targeting luxury segment with widespread presence all over the world under hospitality industry. Yet, it must be noted that level of quality, prices offered would differ under this banner as well and it is this factor that differentiates best in comparison to average player in eyes of customer which can be clearly identfied below. Ritz Calton fall under the segment of offering High Quality with High Price. High Quality Oberoi Hotels Ritz Carlton Low Price High Price Four Seasons Inter Continental Le Meridien Low Quality Figure 7 Perceptual Mapping of Ritz Carlton Perceprtual Map enales us to find out gaps and provide us inights towards undertaking competitive action needed.(Brassington Pettitt) Gaps to be filled Up: Customer needs to be satisfied. Pricing Strategy: As discussed above Ritz Carlton concentrates on sub-segments that act as advantage however the minimum base price it offers is subject to risk. Ritz Carlton price starts at about 200$ while that of Oberoi hotels reporting maximum customer satisfaction (93.7) offers base price at 85$.Although, Ritz Carlton brand value is quite high compared to Oberoi group yet, Its a huge gap and therefore it must revise its pricing strategy. Moreover, all of its market competitors also offers relatively too low price, closest being Intercontinental group offering 156$ (See appendix). At same point of time Ritz Carltons closest rival Four Season offers almost equal quality of service (86.6) at price of just 141$ which is matter of worry as well. Improving Loyalty programmes: Ritz Carlton understands that complete customer satisfaction is one of the vital strategic to retain and maintaining long term relationship with its customer and it is best practising at that. (Bacon, 2005; Emerald Database, 2004) However, there is scope for improvement in its loyalty programmes as recent data indicates its loyalty program strength of 5% compared to industry average of 10 %. (See appendix). This will enhance its potential to gain increased customer loyalty. Attracting New Market by adapting service innovations: Ritz Carlton is aware of the fact that the key to a hotels survival is its ability to cater services with changing needs and life styles of customers. (Min et al, 2002) There is no doubt that organisation completely understands changing taste of consumers i.e. people are now becoming more casual compared to traditional formalin approach.(Gunter and Heather, 2007) But this needs to be communicated to customers and therefore, there is need for Ritz Carlton to presents itself as modern, technological hotel group supporting needs of modern, young travellers. At same point of time, as recommended by Victorino et al (2005) company must move further towards service innovation with use of technology to differentiate itself from others. Ritz Carlton has already started implementing steps towards this approach; however there is need for rapid actions and wide promotions with intentions to quickly change consumer perception towards its brand. 2000 Euros for Managing Guest Grievance A Strategic Move! Ritz-Carltons employees are allowed to spend up to $2,000 to redress a guests grievance. The employees are entrusted to spend the money to make a memorable stay for the guest in the hotel. Employees are encouraged to solve the guests complaints immediately on the spot. Permitting the employees to spend a sum of $2,000 shows how much the company trust the judgement of their employees and employees can even spend more than $2,000 with the permission from general manager. The basic logic behind such action is, with existence of fierce competition within the market it is always difficult for firms to increase their market share and therefore key to continue successful growth lies in devoting larger part of firms resources on existing customers with intention to retain them and gain their loyalty (Tepeci M, 1999) Moreover, such act adds value to brand creation and customer satisfaction and that encourages customer to become brand loyal. (Kandampully J and Suhartanto D, 2000) Most importan tly, the question of such spending exceeds overheads does not arise as it is obvious that it doesnt get used on every customer. It acts as meaningful amount yet, used rarely. (Reiss R, 2009). Customer satisfaction is the key to customer retention. A greatly satisfied customer stays loyal longer with the company and talks favourably about the company. A loyal customer is less sensitive to price, pays less attention to the competitors brand and cost less to serve than new customer. From the customers who registered a complaint, between 54% and 70% will do business again with the same company if their complaint is resolved, these number could be pulled up to an overwhelming 95% if the customer experiences that their complaint is resolved quickly. Customers who have complained to an organization and had their complaints satisfactorily resolved tell an average of five people about the good treatment they received (Philip Kotler, 1977), which indirectly contributes to attract further new customer. Expanding the customer retention rate accumulates the customer lifetime value, and therefore this means life time revenue for company. On other hand company, attracting new customers are costly as that include cost of promotions, advertising and so on which can be avoided. Therefore such action is termed as strategic Move by Ritz Carlton. There is also another point of view to this scenario which impacts internal working culture of within organisation. Allowing such amount to spend makes Employee feel that company respect them, trust them, considers them responsible and valuable and this generates feeling of empowerment impacting concept of service profit chain as discussed above. Employees get more engaged with company and works more responsibly ultimately resulting to exceptional customer service, which is the core aim of organisation. Appendix: Product Development by Ritz Carlton (i.e. to offer Special Packages) aims to attract more customers by influencing their behaviour and encouraging them to celebrate this important occasion with them and turn them to Life time Memories. (Festive Season Packages during Easter; Christmas, Valentine Day at Ritz, Summer Break Packages, Weekends Special, and Family Packages) Ritz Valentine photo.jpg (Rogers; Mark, 2009) Along with these Ritz Carlton also developed special packages for companies during times of recession to provide luxury at budgeted economy. Packages were upgraded to more facilities at lower price. Significant efforts were also laid down in promoting it and communicating it to end customers as well. This indicates Ritz Carlton ability to act as per changing external situations (Schultenover J; Strout E, 2002) MMHI Results: Market Metrix Hospitality index indicating customer satisfaction and average price results for hotels under luxury segment and Up Scale hotels. page0001.jpg (Source: MMHI Results, 2009) Video Bibliography: Official Ritz Carlton Promotional Videos: 1. New Gold Standard (2010) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW70hBP5cIc (Promotional Videos at hotel rooms and Websites) 2. Ritz Culture (2007) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_iFSAAoQ-A (Interview of Diana Oreck, Vice President Global Learning and Leadership Center) 3. The Last Night (2008) http://video.yahoo.com/watch/2296201/7207129 (Ritz Carlton Short Film in association with America Express) 4. The Delay (2008) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oFz8E5fbJQ (Ritz Carlton Short Film in association with America Express) 5. The Ritz London (2008) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQGlyhlhcK0 (Documentary on The Ritz London)

Example of Related Literature and Studies

The previous chapter is all about the framework of the study. How the study was made possible and up to where the study bounds to are the points of the first chapter. This chapter presents survey of related literature and writing of recognized experts both of which have significant bearing or relation to the problem under investigation. The review focuses on the different materials that are needed on the solution of the study, what are the following points why these materials are necessary for the study.The chapter begins with the introduction of the different materials primarily needed to make the study successful, followed by the history or methodology used by people from ages in making facial masks, and ended by different studies related or to be referred at by the researcher. Materials for the Research The main material of the study is Banana (Musa acuminata). It is an edible fruit produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plant in the genus Musa.The fruit is variab le in size, colour, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft fleshy rich in starch covered with a rind which may be green, yellow, red, purple or brown when ripe. Banana is one of the most popular fruit eaten by the whole world. Not because of its cost and agricultural plantation but because of its benefits. Vitamin A present in banana is the component of it that acts as a natural moisturizer. According to an article â€Å"19 Amazing Benefits and Uses of Banana for Skin and Hair† (Aparajita, Stylecraze. com, 2010), Banana fruit has nutrients that are essential for the skin.They contain significant amounts of vitamin C and B6 which plays vital role in maintaining the integrity and elasticity of the skin. In addition, the large amount of antioxidants and manganese present in banana protect the body from damage caused by oxygen free radicals which lead to premature aging of the skin. So a major benefit from banana is younger looking skin. Banana has about 75 per cent water by weight in it. Thus banana helps hydrate your skin and prevents it from drying and peeling. Aparajita’s article also discusses about the anti-aging power of banana’s moisture.â€Å"Nutrients in banana help in fighting wrinkles and keep the skin youthful. For an anti-aging facial mask loaded with vitamins A and E, mash together an avocado and a banana. Leave on skin for 25 minutes and rinse. Skin will be soft and youthful. The vitamins E in avocados combined with the nutrients in bananas fight free radicals and repair damage. † However, banana’s moisturizing effect is not enough for the study to last and be more effective. Acne is the problem of the study, a natural cure is needed. Honey is a sweet food made by bees using nectar from flowers.The variety produced by honey bees is the most commonly referred to as it is the type of honey collected by most beekeepers and consumed by humans. (Wikipedia. com) â€Å"Honey can do wonders for your skin, no wonder you will find so many skin-care products in the market containing honey. Honey acts as an anti-aging agent, and moisturizer. Additionally, it contains anti-microbial properties and natural antioxidants which help to protect the skin from sun rays and facilitates the skin’s ability to rejuvenate and refresh exhausted looking skin, thus leaving it soft and silky.Honey also has the ability to absorb and retain moisture and this helps in keeping the skin well hydrated, fresh and supple. It is known that ancient women used honey and milk to keep the skin youthful, radiant, and smooth. †(stylecraze. com, 2011) Honey is a natural exfoliator that can clear blackheads with regular use. Acne can be also treated by honey with minimal and diluted solution. â€Å"Acne is a very embarrassing. Those who are bestowed with breakout of acne will definitely concur with me. Well there is hope, as honey can come to your rescue in curbing this problem.Honey plays an imperat ive role in treatment of acne. Acne is caused by the build up of oil and dirt and since honey absorbs impurities from the pores on the skin, it is an ideal cleansing agent. Honey also is a natural antiseptic and soothes and heals your skin. Many women use honey to treat pimples. † (stylecraze. com, 2011) Most of facial masks need milk or cream for emulsifying. But milk does not only act as emulsifier, milk has nutrients that contribute to youthful skin and moisturized face. Milk’s thickness and viscosity is not enough to make a viscous fluid or mask, instead we should make use of cream.Cream is a dairy product that is produced of the high-butterfat layer skimmed from top of milk before homogenization. Double cream is the choice, which contains 48% of minimum milk fat that whips easily and thickest for pudding and desserts. (Wikipedia. com, 2008) According to the National Dairy Council (as of 2010), milk is filled with nine essential nutrients that benefit our health:Cal cium: Builds healthy bones and teeth; maintains bone mass.Protein: Serves as a source of energy; builds/repairs muscle tissue.Potassium: Helps maintain a healthy blood pressure.Phosphorus: Helps strengthen bones and generate energy.Vitamin D: Helps maintain bones.Vitamin B12: Maintains healthy red blood cells and nerve tissue.Vitamin A: Maintains the immune system; helps maintain normal vision and skin.Riboflavin (B2): Converts food into energy.Niacin: Metabolizes sugars and fatty acids According to Dr. Brian Roy, milk does not only help in fitness and bone maintenance, but also in skin health and anti-aging agent.Facial mask There are different kinds of masks (e.  g. cactus, cucumber, etc.) for different purposes: deep-cleansing, by penetrating the pores; healing acne scars or hyper-pigmentation; brightening, for a gradual illumination of the skin tone. Some masks are designed to dry or solidify on the face, almost like plaster; others just remain wet. The perceived effects of a facial mask treatment include revitalizing, healing, or refreshing; and, may yield temporary or long-term benefits (depending on environmental, dietary, and other skincare factors).Masks are removed by either rinsing the face with water, wiping off with a damp cloth, or peeling off of the face by hand. Duration for wearing a mask varies with the type of mask, and manufacturer's usage instructions. The time can range from a few minutes to overnight. Those with sensitive skin are advised to first test out the mask on a small portion of the skin, in order to check for any irritations. Some facial masks are not suited to frequent use. A glycolic mask can only be used once a month without the risk of burning the skin.Masks can be found anywhere from drugstores to department stores, and can vary in consistency and form. Setting masks include: clay, which is a thicker consistency, and will draw out impurities (and sometimes, natural oils, too) from the pores; a cream, which stays damp to h ydrate the skin; sheet-style, in which a paper mask is dampened with liquid to tone and moisturize the skin; and lastly, a hybrid/clay and cream form that includes small beads for removing dead surface skin cells. Non-setting facial masks include warm oil and paraffin wax masks.These different forms are made to suit different skin types (e. g. , oily or dry), and different skincare goals or needs (e. g. , moisturizing, cleansing, exfoliating). Clay and mud masks suit oily and some â€Å"combination† skin types, while cream-based masks tend to suit dry and sensitive skin types. Homemade skin treatments aren't a new idea. Thousands of years before commercial products were available, ancient Egyptians made powders, ointments and lotions by combining plant extracts with natural oils (Slapak, 2004).In China, a combination of ground orange seeds and honey was used to help keep skin clear (National Honey Board). And in the 2nd century, ancient Romans combined animal fats with starch es to make facial creams (Fountain). Egyptians used cosmetics regardless of sex and social status for both aesthetic and therapeutic reasons. Oils and unguents were rubbed into the skin to protect it from the hot air. Most frequently used were white make-up, black make-up made with carbon, lead sulphide (galena) or manganese oxide (pyrolusite) and green make-up from malachite and other copper based minerals.Red ochre was ground and mixed with water, and applied to the lips and cheeks, painted on with a brush. Henna was used to dye the fingernails yellow and orange. Kohl was applied to the eyes with a small stick. Both upper and lower eyelids were painted and a line was added extending from the corner of the eye to the sides of the face, the eye brows were painted black. It was believed that the makeup had magical and even healing powers. Most people will have applied the make-up themselves, but for those who could afford it, there was the professional cosmetician, the zXA.yt, the â €˜face painter' so to speak.Even after death one had to take care of one's looks. When presenting oneself before the gods during the Judgment of the Dead one had best observe certain rules of dress and make-up in order to make the right impression: â€Å"A man says this speech when he is pure, clean, dressed in fresh clothes, shod in white sandals, painted with eye-paint, anointed with the finest oil of myrrh. † (Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead) Oil is the primary ingredient of every Egyptian cosmetic product.Every King in the Dynasty of Egypt orders the finest oil from their capitol and from their workers. The King's order addressed to the High Priest of Amen, king of gods, Ramses-nakht. The following: This royal order was brought to you with the words that I have sent (it) to you by the supervisor of the treasury of Pharaoh, l. p. h. , and the King's butler Amenhotep, reading: Have excellent galena for the make-up of the Pharaoh, l. p. h. , taken where one (i. e. he) is, and you sent 15 deben of galena through him.When it had been handed to the physicians in the place of physicians of Pharaoh in the residence in order to prepare it, it was found to be very bad galena and no make-up usable for Pharaoh, l. p. h. , was among it. Only a single deben of galena was found among it†¦. (Cairo ESP, Letter, New Kingdom) Now, modern cosmetic and facial care products are artificially prepared or made from factories. But every product may irritate your face so naturally prepared cosmetic care products are more needed and more demanding. Related StudiesAccording to a study of an unknown researcher from India, banana juice is nutritious but not necessary on facial treatment because it needs fermentation. Anonymous wrote: Banana is a tropical fruit, which is grown abundantly in India. It is mainly composed of soluble sugars, starch and other polysaccharides. The juice was extracted from the normal ripe fruits with the help of pectinase enzyme. Optimization of pectinase treatment was done by RSM method. Wine was prepared by using two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3283 & NCIM 3046.The size of inoculum, effective pH, temperature, level of SO2 , level of DAP for both strains was optimized. It was found that NCIM 3046 gave better results compared to the other strain. Soluble solids (SS), pH and specific gravity decreased while titratable acidity (TA) increased with increasing length of fermentation of the juice. Sensory evaluation results showed that banana wine was acceptable in terms of flavor, taste, clarity and overall characteristics. The banana wine was generally accepted & could be popularized.

Conference Management System Essay

In Java EE 6, JAX-WS provides the functionality for â€Å"big† web services, which are described in Chapter 19, Building Web Services with JAX-WS. Big web services use XML messages that follow the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) standard, an XML language defining a message architecture and message formats. Such systems often contain a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service, written in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL), an XML language for defining interfaces syntactically. The SOAP message format and the WSDL interface definition language have gained widespread adoption. Many development tools, such as NetBeans IDE, can reduce the complexity of developing web service applications. A SOAP-based design must include the following elements. †¢ A formal contract must be established to describe the interface that the web service offers. WSDL can be used to describe the details of the contract, which may include messages, operations, bindings, and the location of the web service. You may also process SOAP messages in a JAX-WS service without publishing a WSDL. †¢ The architecture must address complex nonfunctional requirements. Many web service specifications address such requirements and establish a common vocabulary for them. Examples include transactions, security, addressing, trust, coordination, and so on. †¢ The architecture needs to handle asynchronous processing and invocation. In such cases, the infrastructure provided by standards, such as Web Services Reliable Messaging (WSRM), and APIs, such as JAX-WS, with their client-side asynchronous invocation support, can be leveraged out of the box. RESTful Web Services In Java EE 6, JAX-RS provides the functionality for Representational State Transfer (RESTful) web services. REST is well suited for basic, ad hoc integration scenarios. RESTful web services, often better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based services are, do not require XML messages or WSDL service–API definitions. Project Jersey is the production-ready reference implementation for the JAX-RS specification. Jersey implements support for the annotations defined in the JAX-RS specification, making it easy for developers to build RESTful web services with Java and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Because RESTful web services use existing well-known W3C and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards (HTTP, XML, URI, MIME) and have a lightweight infrastructure that allows services to be built with minimal tooling, developing RESTful web services is inexpensive and thus has a very low barrier for adoption. You can use a development tool such as NetBeans IDE to further reduce the complexity of developing RESTful web services. A RESTful design may be appropriate when the following conditions are met. †¢ The web services are completely stateless. A good test is to consider whether the interaction can survive a restart of the server. †¢ A caching infrastructure can be leveraged for performance. If the data that the web service returns is not dynamically generated and can be cached, the caching infrastructure that web servers and other intermediaries inherently provide can be leveraged to improve performance. However, the developer must take care because such caches are limited to the HTTP GET method for most servers. †¢ The service producer and service consumer have a mutual understanding of the context and content being passed along. Because there is no formal way to describe the web services interface, both parties must agree out of band on the schemas that describe the data being exchanged and on ways to process it meaningfully. In the real world, most commercial applications that expose services as RESTful implementations also distribute so-called value-added too lkits that describe the interfaces to developers in popular programming languages. †¢ Bandwidth is particularly important and needs to be limited. REST is particularly useful for limited-profile devices, such as PDAs and mobile phones, for which the overhead of headers and additional layers of SOAP elements on the XML payload must be restricted. †¢ Web service delivery or aggregation into existing web sites can be enabled easily with a RESTful style. Developers can use such technologies as JAX-RS and Asynchronous JavaScript with XML (AJAX) and such toolkits as Direct Web Remoting (DWR) to consume the services in their web applications. Rather than starting from scratch, services can be exposed with XML and consumed by HTML pages without significantly refactoring the existing web site architecture. Existing developers will be more productive because they are adding to something they are already familiar with rather than having to start from scratch with new technology. RESTful web services are discussed in Chapter 20, Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS. This chapter contains information about generating the skeleton of a RESTful web service using both NetBeans IDE and the Maven project management tool. Deciding Which Type of Web Service to Use Basically, you would want to use RESTful web services for integration over the web and use big web services in enterprise application integration scenarios that have advanced quality of service (QoS) requirements. †¢ JAX-WS: addresses advanced QoS requirements commonly occurring in enterprise computing. When compared to JAX-RS, JAX-WS makes it easier to support the WS-* set of protocols, which provide standards for security and reliability, among other things, and interoperate with other WS-* conforming clients and servers. †¢ JAX-RS: makes it easier to write web applications that apply some or all of the constraints of the REST style to induce desirable properties in the application, such as loose coupling (evolving the server is easier without breaking existing clients), scalability (start small and grow), and architectural simplicity (use off-the-shelf components, such as proxies or HTTP routers). You would choose to use JAX-RS for your web application because it is easier for many types of clients to consume RESTful web services while enabling the server side to evolve and scale. Clients can choose to consume some or all aspects of the service and mash it up with other web-based services. Types of Web services You can host simple Web services without the needing complex setup. In addition, experienced Web service developers can host more complex services by handling the deployment details themselves. Types of Web services include simple and complex: Simple Web services For simple Web services, only simple data types (string, int, and other types) are sent or received as arguments and values that are returned from methods. You must specify the Java class that provides the implementation for the Web service. InfoSphereâ„ ¢ MDM Server for PIM handles generating any WSDL, and creating any WSDD (Web Services Deployment Descriptor) for the deployment of the service. Complex Web services For more complex Web services, you provide WSDD to configure the ability to send and receive more than simple types. You author and provide the WSDD in the WSDD field in the Web Service Console, or through the WebService::setWsddDocPath() script operation. IBM ® InfoSphere Master Data Management Server for Product Information Management uses the WSDD to deploy the defined service instead of using default WSDD for IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management Server for Product Information Management. You must have a good understanding of Web services to author your WSDD. You must also know the Java2WSDL, and WSDL2Java tools in case you break your deployment with the complex Web service.+ Big web services Big web services are based on SOAP standard and often contain a WSDL to describe the interface that the web service offers. The details of the contract may include messages, operations, bindings, and the location of the web service. Big web services includes architecture to address complex non-functional requirements like transactions, security, addressing, trust, coordination, and also handles asynchronous processing and invocation. The SOAP message format and the WSDL interface definition language have gained widespread adoption in traditional enterprises. SOAP based Web Services is a great solution when you need, †¢ Asynchronous processing †¢ Reliability †¢ Stateful operations – If the application needs contextual information and conversational state management then SOAP 1.2 has the additional specification in the WS* structure to support those things (Security, Transactions, Coordination, etc). RESTful Web Services RESTful web services are based on the way how our web works. Our very own world wide web (www) – the largest distributed application – is based on an architectural style called REST – Representational State Transfer. REST is neither a standard nor a protocol. It is just an architectural style like say for example client-server architecture (client-server is neither a standard nor a protocol). Web services following this architectural style are said to be RESTful Web services. So what is this REST? According to Roy Fielding who coined this term, â€Å"Representational State Transfer is intended to evoke an image of how a well-designed Web application behaves: Presented with a network of web pages (a virtual state-machine), the user progresses through an application by selecting links (state transitions), resulting in the next page (representing the next state of the application) being transferred to the user and rendered for their use.† In the web, everythi ng is identified by resources. When we type a URL in the browser we are actually requesting a resource present on the server. A representation of the resource (normally a page) is returned to the user which depicts the state of the application. On clicking any other link, the application transfers state with the new representation of the resource. Hence the name Representational State Transfer. REST-style architecture follows this concept and consists of clients and servers. Clients initiate requests to servers; servers process requests and return appropriate responses. Requests and responses are built around the transfer of representations of resources which are identified by URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). RESTful web services are based on HTTP protocol and its methods mainly PUT, GET, POST, and DELETE. These web services are better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based services are, and as such do not require XML SOAP messages or WSDL service definitions. Because RESTful web services use existing well-known standards (HTTP, XML, URI, MIME) and have a lightweight infrastructure that allows services to be built with minimal tooling, developing RESTful web services is inexpensive and thus has a very low barrier for adoption. RESTful Web Service HTTP methods A RESTful web services is a collection of resources. For example, consider an office has deployed a web services to get a list of employees and to get individual employee data for use with other departments. The web service makes available a URL to a ‘list of employees’ resource. For example, a client would use this URL to get the employee list: http://www.example.com/myoffice/employees On sending a request to that particular URL, the client would receive the following document. |1| | |2|234 | |3|235 | |4|236 | |5|237 | |6| | The above document contains the links to get detailed info about each employee. This is a key feature of REST. The client transfers from one state to the next by examining and choosing from among the alternative URLs in the response document. To get individual employee information, the web service makes available a URL to each employee resource. For example, to get employee information whose id is 237, the client may send a request to the following URL: http://www.example.com/myoffice/employee/237 And the response document containing the employee information may be as follows: |1 | | |2 |237 | |3 |xyz | |4 |abc | |5 |123 ABC St | |6 |3344.56 | |7 | | [pic] We have seen the use of HTTP GET method to get the information. In the same way, we can use the other HTTP methods like POST, PUT and DELETE. The logical meaning of these HTTP methods for the URL http://www.example.com/myoffice/employees is as follows, †¢ When a HTTP POST request is sent to the above URL with an employee data, the data will be added to the employee list. †¢ When a HTTP PUT request is sent to the above URL with a list of employees then the original list will be modified with this employee list. †¢ When a HTTP DELETE request is sent to the above URL then the entire list of employees will be deleted. Similarly for the URL http://www.example.com/myoffice/employee/237 the actions may be interpreted as follows, †¢ When a HTTP POST request is sent to the above URL, treat the addressed member as a collection in its own right and create a new entry in it. o For example consider a situation where the employee works in a particular department and the URL http://www.example.com/myoffice/dept/A1205 represents the list of employees working in department A1205. So a POST request to this URL with employee data will add an employee data to that particular department. †¢ When a HTTP PUT request is sent to the above URL then modify that particular employee with the new request data or create if employee does not exist. †¢ When a HTTP DELETE request is sent to the above URL then delete that particular employee. In this REST form of communication, the service producer and service consumer should have a mutual understanding of the context and content (XML) being passed along. Because there is no WSDL to describe the web services interface, both parties must agree on the schemas that describe the data being exchanged and on ways to process it meaningfully. A RESTful design may be appropriate when, †¢ The web services are completely stateless. †¢ The data that the web service returns is not dynamically generated and can be cached. o The caching infrastructure that web servers provide can be leveraged to improve performance. However, the developer must take care because such caches are limited to HTTP GET method for most servers. †¢ The service producer and service consumer have a mutual understanding of the context and content being passed along. †¢ Bandwidth is particularly important and needs to be limited. o REST is particularly useful for limited-profile devices, such as PDAs and mobile phones, for which the overhead of headers and additional layers of SOAP elements on the XML payload must be restricted. †¢ Web service delivery or aggregation into existing web sites is to be enabled.

Discovering Emotional Labour Essay Essays

Discovering Emotional Labour Essay Essays Discovering Emotional Labour Essay Essay Discovering Emotional Labour Essay Essay Emotional work is the control of a person’s feeling in order to expose the appropriate emotions to others in different state of affairss ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 7 ) . In other words. a individual has to set aside his or her ain feelings and shows the right emotions in the right topographic point at the right clip. This construct can be applied to many facets of our day-to-day life and when used in footings of it being sold for a pay. Hochschild ( 1983 ) specify it as emotional labor. By concentrating on the service industries. this essay will discourse Hochschild’s history of emotional labor and look into certain countries of concern caused by it. Although the pattern of emotional work can be link all the manner back to the ancient clip. the term emotional labor is considered to be comparatively new and is first discussed in Arlie Hochschild’s ( 1983 ) book. â€Å"The Managed Heart† . With the rise of the post-industrial work. there had been a important addition of the service sector during the late 1900s ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 9 ) . In fact. one now interacts with other persons instead than working with a machine ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 9 ) . Therefore. this gives rise to the importance of interpersonal accomplishments and the usage of emotional labor ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. ) . Whenever a individual changes his or her emotions. tone. organic structure linguistic communication. etc. to conform to an ideal. it is considered as emotional labor ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 7 ) . It is practiced widely in many signifiers of modern work. A flight attending smiling heartily while functioning each and every riders. a cafe barista demoing enthusiasm when doing java. and a nurse screening attention and concern when assisting a patient. All of the above are illustrations of emotional labor. With it being a major portion of our behaviour today. it is critical that we look more deeply to understand how emotional labor plants. Hochschild discussed two types of emotional playing: surface moving and deep playing. Surface playing is the act of seting on or demoing an emotion without genuinely experiencing that emotion inside oneself ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 35 ) . This means that one has to stamp down his or her negative emotions. such as unhappiness. choler. ennui. etc. . and expose positive emotions. such as felicity. attention. exhilaration. etc. There have been concerns being brought up sing the usage of surface moving. as it can take to serious side effects such as depression. On the other manus. deep playing is the act of seting on an emotion that one truly feels inside ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 35 ) . This is done either by demoing the emotion that we truly experience or by true method moving. True method moving plants by thought of our past experiences we try to promote the existent emotion that we may non hold felt otherwise ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 38 ) . In footings of emotional labor. we are frequently mentioning to true method moving which is really much similar to come up moving. one lacks the freedom to truly expose his or herself during work. Now girls. I want you to travel out at that place and truly smile. Your smiling is your biggest plus. I want you to travel out at that place and utilize it. Smile. Truly smile. Truly lay it on ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 4 ) . † A pilot tells the above to the trainees of Delta Airline Stewardess Training Center. This clearly shows how much the air hose focuses on the value of a personal smiling to reflect it company’s individuality instead than its flight safety or the promptness of its flight goings and reachings ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 4 ) . Another good illustration would be the baristas working in the universe largest coffeehouse ironss. Starbucks Coffee being remained systematically by their directors to supply clients with the â€Å"Starbucks Experience† . Baristas are told to set up a cheerful and enthusiastic forepart. connect with the clients and to develop the say â€Å"yes† attitude. In fact. beside Starbucks. many other nutrient and drink concerns today have already travel on to concentrate on their client service instead than concentrating entirely on the quality and gustatory sensation of their merchandises. There has been much treatment of emotional labor being â€Å"Taylorized† . Hochschild ( 1983 ) compared the labor of a mill worker and a flight attender. She mentioned that a mill worker is merely making physical work while a flight attender has to make physical and mental labor. every bit good as besides emotional work ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 6 ) . Quite similar to Frederick Taylor’s standardisation of the physical motions of industrial workers in the early 1900s. scientific direction is now used to the mass production of emotional motions ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . For illustration. Disney provides prescriptions to their trainees to ever do oculus contact and smiling. greet and welcome each and every invitee. state â€Å"thank you† to each and every invitee. etc. ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 32 ) . The Disney expression besides extends to personify visual aspects. such as hair length and manner. do up. organic structure aroma. nails length and coloring material ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 32 ) . Besides Disney. a immense figure of companies are besides transforming emotional labor on a expansive graduated table ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . This is because of the economical benefit of making so ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . If employees are able to give the clients a good experience. do them experience welcome and particular. so the clients may reiterate their visit and purchase ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . This greatly concept greatly encourages houses to work the usage of emotional labor ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . The smiling of a salesman is seen as a cardinal characteristic of a â€Å"good† employee attitude and client satisfaction ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . â€Å"The infective smiling is regarded as beginnings of competitory advantage. ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . † As clip goes by and till today. we all expect service to be smiling ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 3 ) . Many see emotional labor as a potentially good as no client will desire his or her temper to be spoiled by a ugly waitress or a crabbed banker ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 9 ) . Today. it is common to hold the thought that we pay for good service and anticipate it to be provided ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 9 ) . However. there are several countries of concern caused by emotional labor. Disney or Macdonald in the procedure of making criterions of their Dreamland Experience or the Big Mac. at the same clip besides produce emotion in their employees ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 34 ) . The employees have to execute interpersonal work within them to make the ever-present smiling. niceness when under force per unit area and suppression of irritations and weariness ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 35 ) . For those that uses deep moving to execute their work started to experience that they are get downing to lose their ain individuality ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 35 ) . Fineman ( 2003 ) references that the flight attendings were so into their work function that they began confuse of their individuality. particularly their gender. Others prefer to take on the occupation by surface moving. seting up the show. looking right and no more ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 5 ) . Using surface playing can still do one to breakdown under force per unit area. when their choler. annoyance or rebellion breakthrough ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 35 ) . Beside psychological issue. there are besides cultural issues of concern over emotional labor. Many fast-food workers are immigrants who have small to smile about when the y arrive at work ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 36 ) . A bulk of them have many jobs and faces much worry inside them but they are still expected to set up the smiling ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 36 ) . Another cultural issue is that non all social-cultural background support smiling in commercial exchange. However. by standardising even the emotional facet. MacDonald except all their staff in all states and cultural background to smile at their clients ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 36 ) . For illustration. in Japan native Nipponese business communities were taught to smile to assist them with international trades ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 42 ) . However. this is a immense struggle with the traditional Nipponese manner. where instant smiling is considered as a cultural abuse ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 42 ) . In decision. due to the emerging service sector work in the late 1900s and the transmutation of emotional labor on expansive graduated table through standardisation and preparation. we all expect service to be smiling today. No uncertainty. it is consider as potentially good. no 1 will wish their temper to be affect by the others. However. there are besides countries of concern over the psychological and cultural issues that arise from the usage of emotional labor. Therefore. it is of import for us to reconsider and possibly non excessively work the usage of emotional labor for ain good.

Free Essays on Pre-Interview Preparations

What preparation needs to be done before the interview? For starters, pre-interview preparations should actually begin with determining the type of job opening available within the company. In this scenario, the job opening is one of sales personnel. Hence, in this example, the Human Resource Manager of ABC Pharmaceutical would have conferred with the head of the department in which the position is open, i.e. the Sales Manager. Together, they would have firstly, discussed the job qualifications and the criteria for the â€Å"ideal† candidate, and secondly, made sure the job description accurately reflected the current job opening. Once that is accomplished, the next few steps are crucial in determining the success and effectiveness of the ABC Pharmaceutical interview. This is also, where the main bulk of time is spent preparing and planning. There are several tasks the three interviewers can do beforehand to improve their chances of success. The first is to follow a systematic approach starting with defining the objectives of the interview. With that in mind, the very first questions they should ask themselves before conducting the interview are â€Å"Why am I conducting this interview?† and â€Å"What do I want to achieve from it?† A good second task is to, by reading all relevant applications and have available all necessary documentation including the job description and the personnel specifications. This means, to consult the five application forms, CVs, references, letter of applications, job specifications, and test results. By reviewing the five candidates’ application forms and/or resumes, the three interviewers of ABC can create, in their minds, a more complete picture of the applicants in terms of what is represented on the resumes and applications, and what the job requires. From example, by doing research before the interview, the interviewers will then know enough about their candidates to ask intelligent... Free Essays on Pre-Interview Preparations Free Essays on Pre-Interview Preparations What preparation needs to be done before the interview? For starters, pre-interview preparations should actually begin with determining the type of job opening available within the company. In this scenario, the job opening is one of sales personnel. Hence, in this example, the Human Resource Manager of ABC Pharmaceutical would have conferred with the head of the department in which the position is open, i.e. the Sales Manager. Together, they would have firstly, discussed the job qualifications and the criteria for the â€Å"ideal† candidate, and secondly, made sure the job description accurately reflected the current job opening. Once that is accomplished, the next few steps are crucial in determining the success and effectiveness of the ABC Pharmaceutical interview. This is also, where the main bulk of time is spent preparing and planning. There are several tasks the three interviewers can do beforehand to improve their chances of success. The first is to follow a systematic approach starting with defining the objectives of the interview. With that in mind, the very first questions they should ask themselves before conducting the interview are â€Å"Why am I conducting this interview?† and â€Å"What do I want to achieve from it?† A good second task is to, by reading all relevant applications and have available all necessary documentation including the job description and the personnel specifications. This means, to consult the five application forms, CVs, references, letter of applications, job specifications, and test results. By reviewing the five candidates’ application forms and/or resumes, the three interviewers of ABC can create, in their minds, a more complete picture of the applicants in terms of what is represented on the resumes and applications, and what the job requires. From example, by doing research before the interview, the interviewers will then know enough about their candidates to ask intelligent...

CASE- 3 Computer technology and the networked organization Essay

CASE- 3 Computer technology and the networked organization - Essay Example On the other hand use of networking systems will help me in gaining a competitive edge among all other restaurants operating in the same area. The entire facility will be well equipped with computers and other related devices networked with one another. Following is the brief description of the overall networking architecture. In order to establish Italian Food Restaurant I would require computer networking for customer orders, processing and delivery of services. Star topology would be most feasible for this purpose as it will integrate all computers connected to the central network (Risley, 2001). Although this particular setup might create bottlenecks in the data transference but that would be managed by security systems later discussed in this paper. Moreover, I would be needing protocol system for the provision of internet services. Wireless internet connection would be available to all employees and customers who might be willing to utilize it. Generally protocol is defined as a set of signals and rules which are used by the computers to communicate within the same network (Risley, 2001). Here, I would be using TCP/IP or Transmission Control Protocol for cross multiple and routable internet. LAN is a contemporary data network which can effectively and efficiently increase the customer service processes at the restaurant. It is most suitable for small geographic area. In typical circumstances it is used to connect personal computers, servers and printers with other devices. Moreover, LAN facilitates the file exchange, electronic mailing and other similar applications (Internetworking Technology Handbook, 2012). In the restaurant setting customers would be entering their orders at the main counter which will be directly transferred to the concerned department through wireless networking. Thereafter the responsible customer service staff member will carry out further

To What Extent Has the USA Been Successful In Creating a Durable Essay

To What Extent Has the USA Been Successful In Creating a Durable Liberal World Order - Essay Example This essay stresses that America had been a nation which the whole world idolized in earlier times. However, recently the country has accumulated large amount of hatred and despise due its overpowering nature. The political strategy of America had proved to be selfish and rebellious. America has earned an image of hegemony with interests those conflicts with its counterparts. America has had war all over Middle East and has changed their ruler and also intimidated people to fight for their lives. In the search of terrorist they have killed many innocents in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. They have had the enmity of Muslims all over the world and had been tagged as the most threatening nation. America even became the target of radicals due to their imperialistic nature This paper makes a conclusion that the imperialism of America lies in their act of monopolizing the world business market. They decide the trade of oil and have technological power over other nations. America had been involving in the political affairs of all nations and interferes in worldly matters to find their benefit. America has the interest of being the super power of the world and they had done many atrocities and tactics to remain on top. The country has had many enemies and will continue to increase their enemies due to their foreign policy and hidden political agendas. America have been advantageous to world in many ways, however their political strategy is seriously selfish and unacceptable. To remain in power, the country has used many principles which make them an immoral country on many accounts.