Mexican and Italian foods Essay Example for Free

Mexican and Italian nutriments EssayMany Mexican and Italian foods ar very similar and still, the prepared dishes of each country relieve oneself very distinct and bold flavors. Both countries use meats, grains, and produce that are grown locally to prepare their meals. However, Italian foods are regional and Mexican food is native to the whole country. Many of the spices for flavoring are the same, but they are use with a combination of different ingredients and the foods are prepared differently. Dishes from both countries often use sauces, but each country implements the use of their sauces differently to enhance the flavor of the final dish. If you enjoy cooking or eating, exploring the similarities and differences between Mexican and Italian foods will tempt anyones palate. The origin and influences of Mexican and Italian foods certain Mexican foods are native to the country and the Pueblo Indians. Corn was grown by the Pueblos and many Mexican recipes require corn base d specialties such as tacos, enchiladas, tamales and quesadillas. Beans are also a staple fiber food in the Mexican culture. draw that is grown in the country like avocados, tomatoes and green and red peppers are also used in their recipes to add zest to their flavorful foods.The meat of survival that is used in many of their dishes is pork, but meat is rarely the focal point of the meal. Its used more to add substance and flavor to the food. Authentic Italian foods vary by region. The Tuscan region uses local produced foods like produce, mellow cheeses, and game meats like boar, deer and rabbit. Beans are also a staple of that region. Rome is known for its hearty soups, lamb and pasta dishes. The main staples of Italy in more general terms are vegetables, grains, legumes and cheeses. The basic diet in Italy is called la cucina povera which mean poor peoples food. The spices and oils used in Mexican and Italian foods Mexican foods tend to be spicy. Many people confuse the spicine ss with the sensation of heat. Cinnamon, saffron, cumin seed is some of the common spices used in Mexican dishes. Lard is used in traditional dishes like tamales. Actually a very small criterion is used in frying their food. Lard is preferred and actually necessary to produce some of the authentic flavors known to Mexican food. Some of the common spices used in Italian dishes are saffron, cinnamon, nutmeg, rosemary and sage.Cinnamon is used in a lasagna dish made with cinnamon scented and sauteed crybaby gizzards called Vircisgrassi. Olive oil is a staple in the cooking process and on the table. Central and Southern regions prefer a dark green chromatic oil which is once pressed while Northern regions prefer golden olive oil. Preparation and use of sauces in Mexican and Italian foods Mexican dishes are generally fried or oven baked. Meats are usually boiled and shredded since they are mostly used in dishes rather than as a set up alone meal.Sauces are often used in cooking, but rarely, is additional sauce added before serving. However, sometimes sauces are served on the side for dipping. The majority of Italian dishes are cooked on the stove top. Meats are usually grilled, wine braised or roasted. Italian dishes are known for their rich and thick sauces used in to top their pasta. Many people think of tomato based sauces when they think of Italian dishes, but in fact, many of the sauces are cream based. Mexican and Italian foods are very popular in the United States. Americans have adapted the recipes to their tastes.Recipes that have been adapted are referred to as Mexican-American or Italian-American culinary art not to be confused with authentic Mexican or Italian dishes. Ethnic foods such as these are popular in the diverse American culture.Works Cited Furfaro, Rosemary. Ethnic Cuisine Italy. 2008. Sallys Place. 13 October 2008 http//www. sallys-place. com/food/cuisines/italy. htm. Peyton, James. Frequently Asked Questions About Mexican Cooking. 199 9-2000. Mexican Food Cooking and Recipes. 13 October 2008 http//lomexicano. com/faq_mexican_food_cooking__recipes. htm.

Analyzing Sherman Alexie’s “Superman and me” Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Sherman Alexies pane of glass and me EssayCan polish save a mans way of life? Can reading save an entire culture? Sherman Alexie, an Indian creative writer writes an essay of which he acquaints us of his means in learning how to read, that is, through a Superman comic book. The essay was indite in an alternating first person and third person style of telling. The first person way of telling was for his reflection. Those sentences that were written in the first person were Alexies own sentiments. The third person style was for his people.Probably it was meant as an insult since people who normally speak in a third person style are often deemed unintelligent since they cannot follow the rules of language. As the essays retells the experience of the author of how he learned how to read, there is 1 topic of which he focused, and that is how reading (and how it is connected to pedagogics) made a different impact in his way of life which can be very large or relevant to the modern world today whose kids are taking education for granted.Reading and education Reading is a cognitive process of connecting core to a group of words, sentences, and letters. Not many can take the time to discipline themselves into liking and having reading as a habit but all over the years reading has become a standard of calling a person or treating a person literate. It has become a mean to reboot ones status. However, based on Sherman Alexies essay, knowing how to read downgrades the status of an Indian person. Indians are do by as the Native Americans.They werent treated kindly as the natives of the new world as history tells. They were often treated as the group of people who struggles with the advancement of life. People who are not social. If Indians were compared to animals, the Indians were the wild animals. And according to Alexies essay, the ones who stays wild, are the ones whos status are high in the Indian world. In the modern world today, education ha s been treated as one of the major concerns of nations.More and more, the value and the quality of education have gone low and people in advance nations and culture are taking it for granted. On the other hand, Alexie and his dad are examples of people who defy the norms of their own society. People who counteracts their culture thus forming a kind a heroic act or in times a crime for/to their own people. I am trying to save our lives. (Alexie 2). Alexie expressed his sentiment of conservation their lives in two styles. One was personal and the other was towards the children he was teaching.While he defied the accustomed treatment of Indians to non-Indian education (i. e. how he had man arguments with his classmates to shut up his mouth towards the questions of the non-Indian teacher), he was hopeful that his people might change their attitude towards education (the reason why he ought to be a teacher among his people). In some ways, education defines how a person hopes for his wo rth. It is more than the status, it also creating an opportunity for ones self and knowing how to use education in fate one feel fulfilled.

Critically Analyse The Social Penetration Theory Psychology Essay

Critically Analyse The accessible Penetration Theory Psychology EssaySocial sixth sense system was prototypic proposed by Altman and Taylor in 1973. There after it was further essential by Altman. This opening is a general approach to inter individualized attraction that looks at the emergence of an inter person-to-person relation move from acquaintanceship to close friendship as a gradual and systematic a that. It to a fault looks at how friendship moves from peripheral and superficial levels of permute to intimate friends (Green 219). The growth of birth is influenced by three main factors namely situational factors, temperament and apostrophize. Therefore, when future and actual outcomes ar favorable, penetration develops to much than intimate field of battles.Social penetration theory describes the growth of personal family descents as rooted in the self disclosure. The theory explains that the increase in intimacy in relationship is as a result of individuals s haring increasingly information about themselves with sepa ordinately other. When people meet for the first time, they tend to share information which is general and impersonal therefore limiting the range of the topics they discuss. As these people learn about each other and time passes the depth of their disclosure increases thus revealing personal information. The breadth of disclosure increases and the individuals are able to discuss a range of topics. The authors of this theory suggest that the growth of a relationship continues if the regards that each get off the groundner gets are greater that the costs they believe they incur.Social penetration theory depends mostly on the positively charged association between disclosure and the degree to which partners are emotionally committed in their relationship. Thus partners who slackly disclose more(prenominal) information to each other have greater relational satisfaction and stability. More so, there is a linear relations hip between intimacy and disclosure. For example partners experience dialectical tensions between being open and closed on what they discuss with each other.The social penetration theory holds one important assumption that mutual profit from the partners interaction acts as a vehicle to the level of supplant and grows everyplace time in a given relationship (Nicotera 103). The theory is mostly concerned with information exchange though it also makes use of expression of positive and negative effect in mutual activities as other forms of exchange. Situational influence, personality and rewards are factors which help in promoting social penetration shape which is retarding. Also, the intensity and goal of self disclosure act as operation measure of social penetration. Self disclosure measure is used in measuring personality traits that touch disclosure thus providing intimate information about a person. Situational factors are mostly concerned with the ability to enter or get out of a relationship freely. It is also concerned with the level of such relationship to another person (Altman and Arnold 345).Relationships are perceived to develop symmetrically. Interpersonal exchanges develop from superficial to non-intimate area to deeper degrees of selves of the interacting people. In this case, individual therefore evaluate the balance of rewards and costs of the past and present exchanges. This evaluation is used as a basis of forecasting the cost and reward implication for future exchanges which may be made.Social penetration theory is different from other exchange theories because it brings forward the issue of the self and also gives special attention to the issue of self disclosure. Social penetration is achieved through disclosure which shows the real self in providing the proper context for the facilitation of disclosure (Nicotera 103. investigate using the theoryLongitudinal studies have been carried out in attempt to investigate the functions of the social penetration theory. The break down revealed that there was a pattern of interchangeable exchange over time as well as an equity norm which is related to the intimacy level of the disclosure. The study also revealed that short patterns were part of the larger fluctuations. Considerable evidence indicates that through out young adulthood and adolescence, self disclosure is an important factor in of formation of friend ship and its maintenance. This is because self disclosure increases both in depth and breadth as relationships develops. Therefore, the growing intimate formation shows the mechanism through which formation of relationship is through as well as a reflection of the level of closeness.Several studies using strangers show that individuals who engage in intimate disclosure are more liked than those individuals who restrict disclosure to topics which are not intimate. Consistent with social penetration theory, this explains that people are getting attracted to other people who are free to disclose their personal information. This is because such disclosure signs cause the desire for closeness. However in the early stages of a relationship, disclosures of intimate information can act as a hindrance to the development of a relationship (Green 219). Cases of disliking have been witnessed where a stranger disclose his intimate information. There is round indication that within a single conversation, personal information revealed later in the relationship is received better than a persons information revealed earlier.Meill and Duck conducted a study which shows that the studies on strangers deduct friendship formation in the real world. These researchers asked some college students how they would collect information about a probable friend, how they would decide to pursue the relationship and modulate the rate of development. Students gave a report that friendship formation process operate in interactions with probable friends until a decision is m ade on whether to continue with the relationship or not. Many studies on friendship formation support many of the propositions of by Altman and Taylor. For example, the research on the college students was consistent with the social penetration theory (Littlejohn 121). College student roommates who developed the closest friendships reported to have exchanged more information and more intimate information across all categories.Self disclosure is a process through which friendship is initiated and also it is through it that people try to maintain their relationship. Studies have shown that young adults deliberately use intimate disclosure as a way of sustaining their relationship. A research by Rosenfeld and Kendrick supports the social penetration theory. The research indicates that the most common reasons that young adults had for disclosing their personal information to friends were friendship enhancement and maintenance. The study shows that friends can be differentiated from non- friends in terms of both the quality and quantity of their disclosure (Husain 78). Very close friends not only disclose more of their personal information than strangers, but they also disclose more intimate information. The research also indicates that best friends are more likely to receive exceedingly personal disclosures than none intimate friends. There is more superficial and casual disclosure among friends than intimate disclosure. Young adults exchange the most personal information but on the other hand friends only exchange moderate personal information.Critique of social penetration theoryAltman and Taylor came up with social penetration theory in an attempt to explain peoples relationships. The degree of self disclosure has a major task in the grown of relationship. Their theory is very direct and straightforward thus making it possible for one to understand. In addition, in this theory the authors have used many aspects which can relate to the real world. The social pe netration theory outlines what people go through when forming a relationship. This is clearly shown by the authors when they said that people will continue or discontinue with a relationship depending on the costs and rewards involved. In this theory it is very easy to predict what will happen in future. This is because if the costs involved in information exchange are more that the rewards received, then(prenominal) the individuals or partners will end the relationship (Littlejohn 121). On the other hand, if the rewards involved in information exchange are more than the cost involved, then the partners will continue with the relationship. In addition this theory is very easy to understand. This is because it only has four hypothesis and three variables involved.Altman and Taylor based their theory of social penetration theory on cost and reward. This indicates that people first evaluate a relationship on the basis of the rewards and costs involved and then decide whether to contin ue or not (Husain 78). This is not true because one should not be in relationship just because of the benefits expected. Relationship should therefore be evaluated on many other factors but not only on gains and costs. The authors try to suggest that people will always form a relationship if they are guaranteed that there are some benefits to be earned from it. Most people are selfless and will form a relationship disregarding of whether there are costs to be incurred or benefits to be earned from it.Altman and Taylor associate people who are engaged to a communication process to onions. The authors dry land that when people meet for the first time, they hide their information just like the onion layers (Green 219). As people continue to meet, they share their personal information and thus shed off the layers making it easy to understand one another. The layers of self disclosure have different levels of depth and breadth and this can be reached through the topics shared and the n ature of information in these topics.Social penetration theory shows the status of a person is changed from public to private. Therefore, a person at some time may disclose more personal information than other times. A person may still not share any personal information with a private person if the person is not pleasing at all. This therefore indicates that according to the social penetration theory, it is not guaranteed that a relationship will develop positively from time to time (Altman and Arnold 345).The social penetration theory gives a possibility of differentiation between the different types and forms of the relationships by providing the notions of personality breadth and personality depth. The theory also gives a description of the different phases involved in a relationship. The relationships development is explained by the dimensions of the social penetration process (Littlejohn 121).A social relationship develops through interactions that let the relationship entities discover new elements of the counterparts personality. The personality element that get shared among the relationship parties are integrated into two dimensions. These dimensions include personality breadth and personality depth. The breadth of personality has two further dimensions which include the categories and the frequencies of interactions. The frequency states the number of interactions within such a category. On the other hand, the depth of the personality represents a layering element within the entitys personality. The outer layers of the personality have more elements. According to the social penetration theory, the informal layers are more personal and fewer where the central characteristics of ones personality are found. The disclosure of elements of higher personality depth gets more difficult with further advancements as these inner elements are better protected and a disclosure can be associated with risk.

Psychological research into language, and sex and gender

Psychological research into language, and sex and genderIn this report I volition be evaluating the contribution of social attitudes to our understanding from the both topics found in OU, DSE212 Challenging Psychological Issues, Book 2.The topics I return chosen for consideration of psychological research argon language, and sex and gender. The approaches taken will be analysed the topic in general damage and not to taper on one detail aspect at detailed levels.It points to the lack of a conclusive answer which is caused by Psychology as a area being relatively fresh and still in early stages with a lack of adequately strong theories that might assist to connect otherwise contrasting perspectives co existing.The report concludes that varied perspectives within psychology can coexist at times, though conflict is frequent throughout.Sex and GenderThe Psychology of sex and gender is one the close topical, important and engaging subjects that psychology, it illustrates many of the difficult issues that psychological explanations must address, including the political implications of different perspectives and the challenging of integrating explanations.It has been a controversial topic since the inception of psychology as a discipline and it powerful illustrates somewhat of the diverse approaches with the field.A deliberation of how psychology approaches the analysis of sex and gender discloses tetrad psychological perspectives, these arBiological sex differences Explaining the differences between manlike and female and biologic correlates of behaviour. Investigations ere conducted through scientific processesEvolutionary psychology Explaining the differences in the behaviour between the sexes in terms of behavioural selection for reproductive fitness. Test be conducted empiricallySocial structureist theory Gender differences between the sexes through the study of discourse in unhomogeneous historical, cultural and social contexts and so is herm eneutic.Psychoanalytic psychology Development and meaning of internal differences. Studies argon largely done through clinical observation.Direct impressions of the four perspectives are objects of knowledge of each of the perspectives are all valid and useful in general psychology of sex and gender,. They pose somewhat different questions, train different objects of knowledge and use different notions of evidences. These perspectives may be complementary, strange however the scope for co-existence is not transparent.Given that the perspectives do not share customary objects of knowledge, however is thither can be an underlying hope for complementary theories in which together they all contribute to a broad understanding.Sex come to to the biological basis of differences between the sexes, where as gender refers to social constructed categories pertaining to these differences.Assigning a sex to humans can sometimes be a tangled process, biological characteristics such as geneti cs and hormonal used to designate male or female, can be unreliable in small proportions of case, delinquent to genetic abnormalities, such as, Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) and Klinefelterss Syndrome ((XXY) (OU, p137)Certainly the biological and evolutionary perspectives appear complementary at the theoretical level in that both imagine biological sex as the determinant of gender and view differences between sexes as biological features that make been selected for during evolution.Evolutionary psychologists argue that sexual selections and the different optimum reproductive styles of our male female ancestors have results in some differences in the behavioural predispositions of the two sexes. These are seen to particularly apparent in the area of sexual behaviours and attitudes. Buss (1992), found while both sexes reported experiencing jealousy at the though of their partner being involved with another person, there were differences in the focus of their concerned. OU,p 145)In humans, unlike in other animals, clear differences in brain structures that correlate with differences in adult behaviour patterns have proven difficult to demonstrate. Nonetheless, mental imagery studies show some sex differences in brain functioning of Western adults. This is probably due, at least in part, to the brains plasticity.(Giedd et al, 1999) )p140). While some sex differences are clearly established at birth for most individuals, bodies and brained may become gendered over lifetime of use. A explanations would appear to be consistent with research findings from cross-cultural differences in male and females sexual behaviours, which Allen and Gorski, 1990 study has backed (OU, p139)However, biological psychology attempts to explain differences in male-female psychology in terms of selected physiological characteristics, for example dimorphism in brain structures (cf. Hofman and Swaab, 1991, cited in Holloway et al, 2007, p.139). On the other hand the evolutionary psychologist would principally argue in favour of selected behavioural characteristics such as differences between male and female sexual attitudes (cf. Clark and Hatfield, 1989, cited in Holloway et al, 2007, p.146).There is thus an apparent conflict at the level of analysis. It is therefore ironic that evolutionary psychology must perforce co-exist with biological psychology since, given the understandable constraints on its ability to conduct the sorts of empirical investigations that might be wished for (cf. Herrnstein-Smith, 2000, cited in Holloway et al, 2007, OU p.141), it is dependent on a genuine amount of corroboration from the biological perspective, amongst others (cited in Holloway et al, 2007, pp.184). (22)Social constructionist point of view, they regard sex and gender as characteristics that are revealed only through discourse and action.These are consequence of the individuals behaviour and experience in a given cultural, social and historical context. The depth of the conflict is exemplified by a comparison of evolutionary studies that underline cross-cultural stability in particular sexual preferences (cf. Singh 1995, p.148 Buss and Schmitt, 1993, p.148, cited in Holloway et al, 2007) and social constructionist ideas such as Sandra Bem, who developed the idea of the cultural lens of musicality and femininity. This lens is a way of perceiving the world that makes behaviour and experiences gendered, this is called the Gender Schema Theory (1994, Holloway et al, 2007, OU p.153). According to the social constructionist perspectives, biological sex is not central to explaining what it is to be a man or a women, rather it is a signpost to which a whole set of us socially constructed gender differences are attached.In this account, social constructionist created discourse about masculinity and femininity are used by individual to create their own gendered subject positions.Whereas the biological and evolutionary perspectives hold that biologica l sex lies at the heart of explaining gender, the social constructionist perspective explicitly rejects that view sometimes for political reasons. In relation to Sex and Gender, political differences are often exposed when conflicting accounts of differences occur. Gender and sexuality came to be seen, through Freuds work, as having far-reaching implications for the development of self. It largely complements the social constructionist, in terms of its interpretive or hermeneutic methodology, its explanations largely focus on the unconscious given that its objects of study entail the meaning of the biological differences between men and women and how these become internalised in the childs sound judgment (OU, Holloway et al, 2007, pp.183).Thus both the social constructionist and psychoanalytic perspectives conflict with the biological and evolutionary approaches at the methodological level. Uniquely however the psychoanalysis perspective recognises both biological and cultural cont ributions to its theorising. It is not without its share of conflict however. Within the perspective, a important critical developments in the psychoanalytic theory sex and gender includes Freuds notion for the symbolic significance of the penis( and penis envy) quickly came under scrutiny from feminist psychologists to scientific practices. through Freud failure to consider the significant of womens genitals. (OU, Horney, 1926, , 2007, p.164).Language and MeaningThere are three main perspectives used to examine the complex area of language, these areTheoryMethodsThemes.These perspectives focus on different aspects of language including evolutionary developments of languages, the processing of languages and the construction of meaning through interaction.The study of language and meaning, one finds an equally intriguing mix of potential co-existence, complement and conflict when comparing the three principal perspectives.The evolutionary perspective sets out to explore language to understand how are related structurally and historically, how they are used differently by various social and cultural groups and how languages is used to communicate and create meaning. Language is the main medium for communication between humans beings and where we express, explore and pursue those goals that mean most to us .It is workable to view the three perspectives as at least co-existent. Their objects of knowledge are different and one might expect their cumulative product to contribute to some sort of unified theory.However, the potential for conflict between the cognitive and social constructionist perspectives is revealed in how they view meaning as the object of knowledge. For the former it is something that is constructed internally by the individual prior to transmission, and subsequently reconstructed by the audience. For the latter it is negotiated as a result of discourse between individuals meaning emerges as the result of a complex interplay of intentions, int erpretations and power-relations. Thus, there is cause for disagreement as to what meaning is and where it comes from (Sperber and Wilson 1986, OU, p100). That this is adequate to justify a claim of conflict seems weak since the types of meaning espoused by the two perspectives are themselves different.A major social constructionist argument against a purist cognitive perspective is that cognitive processes cannot be transparently reported. This argument is one that cognitive researchers have long acknowledged. Commenting on early research into the cognitive modelling of language Boden (1977, pp.113ff, et passim) notes that a persons understanding of language in a given instance is dependent, not simply on their knowledge of the world around them, but crucially on their understanding of their relationship with who they communicate with.Within the evolutionary perspective there is also a debate as to whether language evolved as an adaptation advantage and was the foundation for other cognitive abilities. Pinker (1994) believes that languages may have evolved through inhering selection, perhaps in conjunction with other cognitive abilities, OU, p83) or as a consequence of selection for an ability to form our Metarepresentation (Sperber, 2000, p.86). These are contradictory and conflicting views..The major differences between psychological methods based on natural science principles and those based those on hermeneutic principles means that preservatives based on these methods may have difficulty achieving more than uneasy coexistence.Psychologists do not stand on such substantial bedrock. The questions they pose are often difficult to formulate computationally without reducing the predictive power of any solution, whereas the history of physics can be measured in thousands of years, psychology as a recognisable discipline has existed for just over a century.A inevitable conclusion is that psychology is characterised by perspectives that at one or more of these levels conflict, co-exist or complement, No perspective on its own can tell the whole story. The perspectives and levels of analysis and explanations cannot just be combined without an account of how they interact.Word count 1793 294 (References + Quotes +Titles + Bullet Points) = 1499

Red Bull Analysis | A Multinational Company

cerise darn Analysis A Multinational CompanyExecutive Summary rubicund darn has turned itself into a multinational association that offers a return that enhances the mind and the body. Their method of managing their internal and orthogonal situation and circumstances has become an interesting topic for many. Thus we conducted to a greater extent(prenominal) than or less analysis to aspect at violent fuzzs strategies, and especi completelyy the international strategies. The external analysis was a mix of corroborative and negative observations, for example they brook the expediency of the customer loyalty and the production cost, and however, they are in the territory of major players in the bever mount industriousness which put them at risk. Nevertheless, the manucircumstanceure analysis and friend review helped to shed rough light on goingdish bastards external report, where we can see a substantial growth in the indus audition and rosy-cheeked papal bull he adship in the susceptibility subscribe food obturateplace.Through the internal analysis we observed that loss hog leads a proactive approach towards their business by adopting naturalized and unconventional methods to expand their horizons. Through the value chain model, we observed that violent whoresons internal trade and sales strategies have shown ground breaking conquest on international scale. More bothplace, the HR has accomplished to attract the right candidates to achieve the required goals, simple because they are young and know the young manoeuver securities industry exactly. The generic strategy analysis of Red horseshit has presented Red squealer a differentiated product deep down its grocery and a focused-differentiated product within the beverages industry. The norm is that any kind of differentiated products target some selected customers, however, Red Bull did become selective but became massively popular among the youth, and hence, they produce over 1 billion cans each(prenominal) year.The overdress analysis they was conducted on Red Bull has cryst either(prenominal)ized some Weaknesses and threats. til now, the Strengths and Opportunities outweigh the downside of Red Bull moreover, the Weaknesses and Threats that Red Bull faces can easily be managed and fixed by Red Bull.We can safely conclude that Red Bull has espouse the right target marketplace and the right method to communicate with the target market. More interestingly, we can see that Red Bull has adopted a product and especially a selling strategy that can easily be copied to different counties and culture. In other words, it has spoken the language of the youth.History BackgroundHistoryA red curtain is not always necessary to attract a fuzz towards you nowadays it has become available in a can in the hypermarket, supermarket, grocery and the night club near you. This all has become possible thanks to a visionary man called Dietrich Mateschitz, who is the discoverer, modifier, and introducer of the internationally famous crispen, Red Bull. It all started in Hong Kong, in 1982, when Mateschitz was at the hotel bar sipping a famous local health tonic. While he was boozeing he had a vision of marketing an Asian drink in the western countries. About two years from the vision, the Austrian Mateschitz teamed up with a Thai business man called Chaleo Yoovidhya to produce this product. Together they fiddled with the product, to take out the sirup nature of the product and make it fizzy. Canned in a silver and blue container, with a brand the shows two red bulls going head-to-head against each other, hence the brand was named Red Bull. (Red Bull Founder Rides Wave of Success)In 1987, the product was then taken to Austria where it had its first groundbreaking success in no time. In started going international in 1992, when they premiseed Hungary. Red Bull is currently active in over 100 countries, energizing the population and creating competition as they go along. One source menti unmatchedd that there are over 150 energy drink brands, however, all inferior to the mighty Red Bull (A refresh CREW IS AN EFFICIENT CREW). With over 1 billion cans sold each year, Red Bull controls 70% of the military personnels market share of energy drinks.BackgroundRed Bull became muscular when they created a mellow quality drink that is entirely made in Austria. Furthermore, all of its ingredients are synthetically made in pharmaceutic companies to grantee high quality and safety. Moreover, due to the ingredients of the product, it is said that Red bull (Red Bull FAQ)Improves performanceImproves concentration and reaction speedImproves vigilanceImproves emotional shapeStimulates metabolism thus far, the main reason for the success of Red Bull is in its advertising style. Red Bull tends to spend very little on conventional or traditional marketing tools, handle TV and Print ads. Their marketing strategy is usually out of the box and creative. Red Bull tends to be more active in sponsoring extreme floating policy and giving away samples in local events. Due to the fact that Mateschitz has been involved in Formula One bucket along for more than a decade, he used the events to draw attention to his brand. In addition, he sponsored the World Stunt Awards, an annual fund-raiser to help injured stunt workers (Red Bull Founder Rides Wave of Success). Moreover, some observers cite that Red Bull uses the anti-branding method of advertising, where they broke the usual method of marketing and branding. Actually what they did was use the buzz marketing strategy or better known as word of mouth. With this strategy, they associated their brand with the youth culture and extreme and adventure-related sports, such as motor sports, mountain biking, snowboarding and move music. Thus they targeted their brand directly to people from Generation Y, the so-called millennials people born after 1981 who were believed to b e cynical of traditional marketing strategies (A Look at a Key device characteristic of Red Bulls Business).The Buzz over Red Bull among the youth and their underground attitude has created Red Bulls reputation as the drink within that community. That is why Red Bull continues to use Viral marketing internationally, where the company would rather restrict the supply of Red Bull and not circulate it, expecting that growing numbers of target consumers to catch the bug and its reputation would spreads. Through this strategy, Red Bull has roaringly captured 70% of the 1.6 billion market (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business).External AnalysisPorter Five Force AnalysisThe external analysis is one of the most strategic locomote that a company should take to achieve to its goals and objectives. Moreover, for taking this step we should be aware of the essence of formulating competitive strategy which is related to company and its external environment. Also, we know that the re levant environment is very broad encompassing social as well as economic forces, the key aspect of the firms environment is the industry or industries in which it competes. In addition, taking care of industry structure which has a strong influence in determining the competitive rules is very historic because it includes the game as well as the strategies potentially available to the firm. Forces outside the industry are significant primarily in a relative genius since outside forces usually affect all firms in the industry, the key is found in the differing abilities of firms to deal with them. Michael porter has offered a unique framework for make an clear way to analyze. Michael Porters framework for industry analysis is described in his book Competitive schema (1980). In this book Porter claims that there are essentially five forces which determine the underlying structure of an industry.Rivalry among living competitors, buyers, suppliers, potential entrants into the busi ness and Threat of substitute products are those five forces which can have positive or negative effects on industry structure by making the industry more or less competitive.Potential EntrantsIn this chemise the potential competitors of red bull are soft drinks companies, which can produce energy drink with out adding bubbles. If the barriers of entry are high, it is difficult for potential competitors to enter the market. Three main sources of barriers to spick-and-span entry brand loyalty, absolute cost advantages, and economies of scale. shit loyaltyDue to the done research, innovation in creating new energy drinks, proper and profession advertisement, holding many special events and sponsorships, and having high quality for its products makes Red Bull as well known brand with a strong brand loyalty which is a barrier for any new entrant to enter the energy drink industry to compete with it.Cost advantage harmonise to the Michael Porter, normally cost disadvantage is a big bar rier for companies to enter an industry as new entrants because it can be cost advantage for existing companies in that industry. Also, companies with the help of cost advantages can compete and beat their competitors very easily because usually it is difficult for new entrants to match their companies with the lower cost structure. Therefore, Red Bull because of Red Bulls superior production and operation processes, and their experience in the energy drink industry, and control of its inputs according to their experience in producing red bull drinks, benefit the cost advantages with keeping its quality in the high level. Although there are many energy drinks existing in the industry with the lower toll rather than Red Bull, as quality aspect they have not cost advantages both in quality and price, so Red Bull is steps ahead from its competitors in this encase.Customer switching costIn food and beverage industry there is no switching cost for costumers with considering the level o f quality, because it can be considered as threat for existing companies in this industry. In this case, Red Bull is not exceptional, so they need to keep their quality at the same level to not loosing their market share by coming new entrants because it is real threat for them.Government regulationsOne of big issues and always concerns for companies which wish well to go internationally is government regulation, also, in this case some Europe countries have problem with selling Red Bull and have tried to toss out it. They claim that Red Bull was the cause of death of people in those countries. France, Belgium, and Sweden ban using the mixture of Red Bull and alcohol. So, it can be a threat for them in taking the market share and having a bad image for their brand. . (French Ban on Red Bull (drink) Upheld By European Court) intensiveness of RivalryRivalry in some industries is characterized by such phrases as warlike, bitter, or cutthroat, whereas in other industries it is termed polite or gentlemanly. Energy drink industry has an intense rivalry because of a number of interacting structural factors effort competitive structureDue to the competition in the energy drink market, Red Bull focuses on non-price competitive weapon like offering exhilarating events, high quality products and sponsorship. In contrast with other competitors Red Bull attract more costumers to its company by growing in 45%marketshare. Accordingly Red Bull has a major influence on its competitors performance in the industry because Red Bull is one of the pioneers in energy drink industry and many companies try to obey and consider Red Bull as benchmark.Industry requisiteIn the energy drink industry, because of the various proper advertisements to encourage people to use and drink energy drinks (giving the image that people can fly) the demand for drinks is increasing. Thus, this is a good point for the company because there are lots of opportunities for every company to fill the curre nt demand and rivalry tend to overcome in the industry, also there is space for everyone to jump in enter the industry (growing stage), and the profit of the company is going to increase which is a goal that every company is seeking it.BuyersHaving strong and stable costumers are suppliers and producers concerns, producers like to have costumers with large quantity level of ordering and stable financial status essentially in energy drink industry especially Red Bull costumers (buyers) are wholesalers and big retailers. These buyers buy the energy drinks by means of the company or its representatives, and sell them to supermarket, bars, restaurants and end users. Red Bull faces buyers with high level of bargaining role, and it is real risk for Red Bull. Main reasons for this high bargaining power of buyers in this case are the switching costs in the energy drink industry are very low. So, Red Bull buyers can switch from Red Bull to other energy drink companies which produce it w ith lower prices without any difficulty. Also, in most cases energy drink buyers (retailers and wholesalers) purchase products in large quantities, and it is obvious that the more buying in quantity, the more bargaining power the buyer has. So they can use their power to reduce the cost of energy drinks.SuppliersThe bargaining power of suppliers is the same story like bargaining power of buyers but from other side. Red Bull company has both kind of suppliers as bargaining power, some very strong and others weak, so they can balance surrounded by them. For instance, the supplier of Glucuronolactone is Glaxo Smithkline Company. Red Bull energy drink buys their Glucurnopolacton inputs from this company. So the bargaining power of this supplier is very high on Red Bull. But the other ingredients are assembled from several small suppliers, and Red Bull has the bargaining power on them. Also, Red Bull has many channels and substitutes suppliers for its normal raw materials, so they can s witch from any supplier to cheaper and more flexible one.SubstitutesAll producers always harbour the concern of substitute products for their products and always looking for ways to protect and survive themselves from this phenomenon. Energy drink industry isnt an exception, so players in this industry always try to keep level of quality high, convenience price and other thing which may make costumers more satisfy. Coffee industry can be a threat for energy drinks because of the existing caffeine in coffee and it can be a powerful potential product substitute for energy drink. Therefore, Red bull must take care of its pricing strategy and product quality to keep its costumers and satisfy them more day by day which they were successful due to reports not only Red Bull could protect its products against other substitutes but also, they have increased in their market share in US market by 45% .Industry Analysis and Peer ReviewIndustry Characteristics drunkenness industry is divided in to many categories such as drenching vs. non alcoholic, (hard vs. soft drinks) and within soft drinks appease there is other segmentation such as carbonated soft drink (CSD) and non carbonated soft drink. change Energy Drinks account for less than half of the total sight. This figure is heavily skewed however by the popularity of still brands in Asia (Canadean Press release)According to Beverage Digest, in 2004 the U.S. non-alcoholic refreshment market totaled 14 billion cases (192-oz). Carbonated soft drinks made up 73.1% of the total with non-carbonated products comprising 13.7% and packaged bottled water accounting for 13.2%. Americans fatigued roughly $92.9 billion annually on refreshment beverages.Energy drink is a relatively new product introduced in 80s and has been growing noticeably with the market more than doubling in size since 1998 (Canadean Press release). The pastime chart is evidence of this inevitable growth and the attraction of this growth for drink manufact urer. The industry has been experiencing a significant growth and still growing at the speed that draws the big players in soft like Coca Cola drink to enter to this high margin business.Food and beverage market are critical enough that out of 100 new product development 90 NPD fails. The failure results from a poor interpretation of consumers trend and translation of those to opportunities. Austrian company, Red Bull, as a pioneer trend settler has made its fortune from their unique strategies in advertising, marketing and other products characteristics such as Packaging, Flavor, color and Product claim.Global intakeAccording to Beverage digest report, Asia is the largest leading market in consumption of energy drinks followed by Western Europe and spousal relationship America as the second and third markets.Asia has been loosing some of 20% of its market share is past 6 years. However, this decline has been offset by the second and third market mainly due to the steady growth in market of carbonated E.D in North America. North American market is now almost 40 times greater than it was in 1998Peer ReviewIn North America straightaway more than 200 energy drinks existed in US. According to bevNET.com, after a rigorous marketing research the best(p) energy drinks are AMP by Pepsi Cola, KMX Red by Coca-Cola Company Red Bull by Red Bull North America.Red Bulls market dominance seems as undisputabled. No other competitors have either the distribution channels or, more importantly, the posture of rebellious infamy to be considered real threats.Year 2001, in UK energy drinks market 21 new drinks have been introduced that would have force the red bull into a competition. However, red bull can still enjoy being a market drawing card.In the following table there are representations of top 14 non- alcoholic markets where some of them are in the specific market of the energy drinks.Coca-Cola(Juice, haywire Drinks, Water) ($21bn)Suntory(Water, Soft Drinks) ($4.4bn)Nes tle(Coffee, Soft Drinks, Water) ($19bn)Starbucks(Coffee) ($4.0bn)PepsiCo(Juice, Soft Drinks, Water) ($10bn)Sara Lee(Coffee) ($2.7bn)Kraft Foods(Coffee, Powdered Drinks) ($4.6bn)Tchibo(Coffee) ($2.7bn)Unilever(Tea ) ($4.5bn)Red Bull(Energy Drinks) ($1.6bn)Cadbury Schweppes(Soft Drinks) ($4.5bn)Cott Corp(Juice, Soft Drinks) ($1.4bn)Danone(Soft Drinks, Water) ($4.5bn)Ocean SpraySource http//www.mind-advertising.com/sectors/sector_softdrinks.htmIndustry Life CycleEnergy drinks were originally pioneered by Asian companies, but they became popular in Europe the late 80s with the arrival of Red Bull. There are more than 200 energy drinks existed in US market only and this figure is increasing due to the high margin of this business.In 2004, carbonated soft drinks posted the growth of 1% which is unlike its usual trend, case of growing 2% to 4%. Noticeably, this inevitable growth was driven by Diet and Energy drinks. While other carbonated drinks posted volume change of one Digit, brands li ke Red Bull and Hansen Natural reported the 45% and 56% of positive volume change in 2004.The market, now estimated to be worth $10 million, has been predicted to grow to $300 million or even as much as $2 billion in the next few years. Double digit growth in the market is the main factor contributing to Energy drinks life cycle in its embryonic phase (growth).Since the market is not old enough, the number of players are increasing and even the Coca Cola and Pepsi are the new entrant which add to the well-built assumption of embryonic phase.Brand loyalty and high expectations are still questionable in this stage and its because the consumers are still exposing to new products and new claims. Thus, players are fighting for product frisk extension such as low-carbs and sugar free plus new products claims such as improve concentration, reaction time and endurance.After introduction of Red Bull in late 80s, industry went to an introduction phase. By 1998, the size of the industry doubl ed and still growing with a fast pace following highlighted area in the graph is an approximate stage of the life cycle at the moment.Internal AnalysisValue ChainPrimary Activity incoming outbound logisticsLogistical issues at Red Bull in of high importance. Due to the fact that all ingredients in the Red Bull drink is synthetically made by pharmaceutical companies, they make sure that their products are carefully handled to maintain the quality and avoid unnecessary costs. Red Bull always makes sure that they align with premium logistics provider to achieve their strategic goals. Red Bull aims to have web-based visibility on their supply chain, thus they base their logistical activities or selection onFlexible warehouse networkTransportation focusing capabilitiesStrong information technology offeringWith 1,600 employees working for Red Bull world wide (Gulf News, Red Bull plans to set up Dubai plant), Red Bull required those standards as they are experiencing year-after-year of high growth, which make the inventory forecasting and management challenging. That is why logistical issues have become increasingly important, and that is why they choose to outsource the logistics to companies that can comply with their network of multi-client warehouses needs (Red Bull OH Logistics). Interestingly, Red Bull uses small distributors in small regional markets, if those small distributors dont perform up to Red Bulls standards they establish a warehouse and push young people to stuff their vans with Red Bulls product and distribute it every where. This way, the small distributors generally break even within three months and are profitable within six (A Bulls marketplace The marketing of Red Bull Energy Drink).Primary Activity OperationsThere is little information about the operations process of Red Bull. However we will enlighten you with the contents and brief information about the packaging company that Red Bull deals with.The great product which is provided by Red Bull one of its main elements of success. Known for improving performance, improving concentration and reaction speed, improving vigilance, improving emotional status and stimulating metabolism, Red Bulls secret is in its ingredients. The ingredients in each Red Bull drink (250ml) consist ofTaurine (1000mg)Glucuronolacton (600mg)Caffeine (80mg)Niacin (20mg)Vitamin B6 (5mg)Pantothenic Acid (5mg)Vitamin B12 (0.005mg)According to Red Bull, It is a combination of all the ingredients together, which result in Red Bulls benefits (Red Bull, Ingredients)..The packaging process of Red Bull is fully done in Austria. And the supplier of Red Bulls cans is Rexam, and they are considered to be the worlds largest provider of beverage cans. Rexam manufactures different types of cans for different industries, however almost half of their revenues come from Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola. Moreover, industry estimates present that Rexam gained about $22 million from the sales of Red Bull cans (How Does Red Bull Package Its Product?).Primary Activity Marketing and SalesWith the control of 70% of the 1.6 billion market (about 1.12 billion), Red Bull has achieved all of this through intensive unconventional marketing strategies. Targeting young people, mainly the Y-generation, Red Bull has utilized eccentric marketing tools that has extremely effective on the target market. The strategy of sponsoring local activities like the Red Bull music academy in the USA, parachuting in South Africa, Go-Karts in Kuwait, and many more in different countries has achieved its target of attracting its target market which gets excited when viewing such sports. Some of the strategies used for marketing Red Bull includeUsing pick-up trucks as mobile displays, painted blue and silver with a giant can of the drink mounted on top of the vehicle.Designed to be eye-catching, these devices were aimed at promoting the red bull brand as youthful and slightly off-the-wall.Cans of the drink were also given out f ree to people on the street who had been identified as being in need of energy.Red Bull was given to club DJs, empty cans would also be left on tables in hot spots such as trendy bars, clubs and pubs.Secondary Activity TechnologyThe information about the technology that Red Bull uses was quite scares. However we could safely say that Red Bull little activity done on their RD side because Red Bull does enjoy any sort of economies of scale. Red Bull has only one main product, which is the Red Bull energy drink and recently they introduced the new Red Bull energy drink sugar-free. Hence, the main difference between the original Red Bull drink and the sugar-free drink is that it has 0g of sucrose and 0g of glucose, where the original product has 21.5g of sucrose and 5.25g of glucose. Moreover, each sugar-free drink has only 8 calories (EU)/ 10 calories (USA), nevertheless it does not loose any of its energetic effects (Red Bull, Ingredients).Secondary Activity Human RecourseRed Bull is famous for practicing what they preach, especially when it comes to recruitment. Due to the fact that Red Bull promotes their product as a Hip and young product, they make sure to recruit staffs that are young, in touch with youth culture, alive(p) and innovative. For example, they achieve that by recruiting university students as student brand managers to promote its product among young student groups (What Sort of People Work For Red Bull?). However their recruiting does not happen by Red Bull themselves, but they makes sure that it is implemented by all of the outsourced activities. However, it is known that most of Red Bulls 1,600 employees are marketing experts and are the real movers of the Red Bull drink (Marketing Eye, Red Bull Car).Group Customers and Market SegmentationAs it is known any successful company should have a certain customer group. The customers that were targeted by Red Bull were the ones that were looking for excitement, alertness, and concentration dependi ng on the age, status, and lifestyle. Four consumer categories were Red Bulls target under the age of 16-30 students, club people, sport people, and employees.College students were the main target of Red Bull. Since college students look for something that would enhance their concentration on doing their assignments and projects, and staying nightlong for studying for exams then Red Bull is the best solution for them. It would improve their concentration in their studying Moreover Red Bull has used this group to enhance their promotion. According to Biz/ed, throw parties those students were emboldened to market the product in the campuses of the universities as what they call them student brand managers. Those students collect the information and make a report of a market information research to the company. Depending on that strategy and the youth generation (high school and colleges students), Red Bull was able to spread the reputation and the popularity of the drink and concen trating on supplying the product rather than applying the traditional marketing ways of promotion (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business).The second category of Red Bull customers are the night club people, since the drink has some substances that would increase the persons emotional status. Moreover, Red Bull is offered in the nightclubs depending on the cultural background. For example, nightclubs in Dubai offer Red Bull for the people who do not drink alcohol like the Muslims, which made it a major substitute for alcohol to that group. However, Red Bull is still individually mixed with alcohol to create both the Red Bull highness and the alcohol sensation. Furthermore, Red Bull has also made music events for those groups of customers like the Red Bull Music Academy in 2005 in Seattle, Washington in the United States. (Red Bull Music Academy 2005)For the physical exertion that the drink offers, Red Bull has also promoted the product for the sport people. Among those people , there are the athletes, the racing drivers, the airborne-sport people, water-sport people, the bikers, the skateboarders, and the skiers. Red Bull highly endorsed this group with many sport festivals, and one of the famous one among those is the Red Bull Dolomite Man that took place in Austria in 2005. (Red Bull Dolomite Man)Red Bulls minor groups are the clerical and the blue-collar workers. Red Bull can support white-collar workers to concentrate more on the job to improve their performance, and it would also help them stay overnight if he or she needed. The drink would also allow the blue-collar workers to work extra hours with out the feeling of exhaustions for the physical exertion that the drink provides. However, Red Bull did not concentrate on this group, so there were no special efforts directed towards them.Within the four groups, there a considerable amount of customers who look for diet product. For that category, Red Bull produced the sugar-free Red Bull to combine t he diet customers with rest of the customers that are within the four groups.Business Level and Generic StrategyIn the generic strategy Red Bull there are two views, there is a generic strategy from energy drink market perspective, and there is a generic strategy from soft drink market perspective. From the energy drink market perspective, since Red Bull has few economies of scope, the strategy adopted by Red Bull to follow is differentiation. The price of the drink is about 5Dhs in the UAE, which shows the clear differentiation of the product, especially in a market where every body is competing on the same customer segment. According to Biz/ed, Red Bull was able to build a strong brand image through using Red Bull cars that had big cans on them, giving free cans to people, and providing Red Bull cans to club DJs (A Look at a Key Feature of Red Bulls Business). This strategy made Red Bull to be the market leader of 70% market in the energy drink market.From the soft drink market in dustry wide perspective Red Bull applies the Focused-differentiation generic strategy. Red Bull has a very good brand image in terms of soft drinks industry. The drink can only maintain this image through focus-differentiating the product by separating their customers according to the demography (age, lifestyle, culture) and the geography, since the industry has many combative competitors with a powerful brand image like Coca Cola and Pepsi.SWOTStrengthsIndustry leadershipThroughout the world, Red bull is the leader in the energy drinks market with annual sales of billion dollars. According to the statistics, in year 2003 red bull achieved 80% brand share of the energy drinks market in the UK. Also in the Europe, they produce two-thirds of overall volume in the region. Moreover, Red bull is competing in 13 West European countries and is the main leader in 12 of these and other top 20 brands are having only 17% of share. Since year 2000 (compare to 1990s), it has been a clear shakeo ut, and fewer new brands are founding new products to the market. Furthermore many products offered by leading drink manufacturers could not compete with Red bull in the market, such as Coca-Colas Burn. (Red Bull SWOT Analysis)Marketing capabilitiesThe successful marketing strategies and consumer awareness of Red bull introduced stimulation drink

International Charter Of Human Essay -- essays research papers

International firmness of Human Rights and FreedomsHistoryAfter the struggle crimes committed by the Germans in the holocaust that occurred during World War II, the United nations decided to create a document guaranteeing respect for mankind rights and fundamental freedoms for only state, regardless of race, sex, language, or religion. This document was called The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The declaration was voted in on December 10, 1948, which is now celebrated each year as Human Rights Day. The Declaration says that all human beings are born free and equal and establishes basic rights for all people and rules for the actions of governments in many areas pertaining to those rights. For model, it says that all people have the right to liberty, religious and political freedom, education, and economic well-being. It bans torture and states that all people have the right to participate in their governments. The declaration is not a law, unfortunately, and in some ca ses has had little actual effect on the phallus countries of the UN. Governments with poor human rights records, such as China, do not agree with the UNs attempts to promote human rights, saying that such actions interfere with their internal affairs.The UN has a Commission on Human Rights. Its course is to monitor ab hires of the declaration in member countries, hold international meetings on human rights issues and handle complaints about violations to the basic human rights. It was in 1993 that the General Assembly created the position of High Commissioner for Human Rights. The commissioner job is to oversee all of the UNs human rights programs, work to prevent human rights violations, and investigate human rights abuses. It is also in the commissioners power to publicize abuses to human rights taking place in any country. However most publicity about abuses to human rights does not come from the UN but from rival countries or non-governmental groups the like Amnesty Internati onal The UN has also written four international treaties on human rights. These treaties do have the force of law but are actually hard to enforce. The treaties deal only with the problems of genocide, racial discrimination, civil and po... ...rights issues in the world. Before it was drafted, many cases involving human rights were simply terminated or kept quiet. Take for example just before World War Two, Nazi Germany was known to want to eliminate a great percentage of people not fitting into their Aryan master race, yet they still hosted the Olympics of 1936. At those Olympics they refused to grant a gold medal to a Jewish person, Jesse Owens, and still America and many other countries chose to ignore Germany for political reasons. After the war, almost in response to the declarations, various human rights organizations, such as amnesty international have been created. They almost always use the Declaration as their basic outline for the rights of human beings. These groups bring much attention to the human rights problems of the world. A good example was the later war in Vietnam, protests in the United States over unfair treatment of enemy civilians is one of the main reasons they were forced to pull out. So in conclusion I moldiness say that nobody can argue that forcing people to stand up and take notice is the only way to eliminate a problem and that is what the Declaration has achieved.

Death Of A Salesman: The American Dream :: Death Of A Salesman

For Willy and Linda, lifes accomplishments and sources of pleasure are simple. This statement gives an excellent judgment of their lives because they lead very average lives for the time, and any wisdom is ignored on their part. This little scene exemplifies this point by showing a focus in their lives, being the mortgage on the house. For twenty-five old age Willy and Linda have been working to pay off their mortgage, and once they do that, they will attain a intelligence of freedom, or the "Ameri shadow Dream". That dream, especially liable(p) at that time of growth in the United States, presents a perfect representation of their goal. This goal is clearly outlined by dollar signs and a sense of ownership, two key points to personal success.The key thing which leads to Willy and Lindas depressions, is their inability to face reality in the present. Their lives are lived in the future, and even in this scene as Willy states "You wait, kid, before its all over were g onna get a little place out in the country."(p.72), we see his ability to constantly speak of unpractical dreams. Their last compensation on the mortgage gives closure to this life filled only with dreams, and will allow them to realize some of their idealistic thoughts. Their entire lives have been concentrated on this house, their one meaningful possession, therefore this last payment is an accomplishment beyond any other.Willy is a salesman, always traveling from state to state staying in motels extraneous from home. This increases the importance of a house to him because it is not only a place of habitation but a representation of stability in his life. It is a cover item which cannot be taken away from Willy once he has made the last payment. While discussing his sons with Linda, he states " And theyll get married, and come for a weekend". He shows the same rob for his ownership of the house as he did for Biff during his football years. The house is the center o f Willys being, and now that he almost has it, he can see that it has been his lifes work. He is a character who remains content only by trying to believe that he is living the "American Dream", and pride of his most valued possession is all he has to hold onto.Although, at this point in his life, Willy Loman is beginning to notice where all of this dreaming has led him.