Imperfect Society Depicted in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death of a Salesman

Blemished Society Depicted in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman  Advancements in science during this time have prompted colossal headways in industry.â Advancements in industry, in any case, have not generally prompted progressions in living.â For a few, society has made mass riches and empowered a way of life unmatched all through history.â For Willy Loman, culture has made just enormous sadness and difficulty, bothered by the interminable guarantee of the great occasions to come.â For these reasons, Willy’s catastrophe is expected more to social orders defects than to the various blemishes in his own character.  â â â Willy Loman was host to numerous imperfections and inadequacies running structure self-destructive inclinations to maniacal disorders.â However, these deficiencies didn't represent his sad end, not without anyone else anyway.â Society is to blame.â It was society who stripped him of his poise, piece by piece. It was society who stripped him of his way of life, and his own children who stripped him of expectation.  â â â The most clear imperfection in the public eye is insatiability, the craving to advance beyond the following guy.â This illness is available on a national level.â It is the way of thinking of business and includes the fantasies of man.â Sometimes, this can drive man to extraordinary things, once in a while it can drive a man to ruin.â Willy was headed to the latter.â (Not his own covetousness for he was a basic man with basic dreams, however by the voracity of others.)â The designers who removed the sun and brought forth shadows, his manager who decreased him to commission and his children which diminished him to a disappointment.  â â â The following biggest defect in the public arena is an absence of compassion.â This could be because of practically overpowering insatiability, the primary offender being large business. I'm generally in a race with the junkyard!â I simply completed the process of paying for the vehicle and it's on it last legs.â The cooler devours belts like a goddam maniac.â They time those things.(Act 2, page 73, lines 16-19)  â â â Willy's faith in this announcement attracted him to accept that large business needed compassion.â It is a result of this that he is surrendered by Biff and abandoned by Happy, left chattering in a toilet.â It is this blemish permitted him to die in some horrible, nightmarish way and assumed the best job in his possible defeat.     The third biggest imperfection in the public arena (especially American culture) is the absence of a social wellbeing net.

((((3)))) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

((((3)))) - Essay Example Abigail forcefulness evidence that she has been associated with battling with other kids and she is likewise as often as possible discipline by her folks. Checking Abigail circumstance has demonstrated to questionable as at whatever point educator attempted to help her she would see that instructor is likewise discovering methods of rebuffing her. This has made us to look for psychotherapist helps For the instructor to accomplish his plan objective he/she needs to structure an agreeable errand that will think about past encounters of the kids. In this manner, verification to uncertain as the educator won't be in better situation to think of helpful errand that will cover each kid past encounters Instructors can utilize Center Ticket to assemble Assessment choice that reflect age reasonable in both substance and the technique for data assortment and in accomplishing this educators can impart this data to families by looking to know each child’s first and second language, and furthermore their related knowledge at home. In the wake of visiting Colorin Colorado, I came to acknowledge guardians and teachers’ perception ought to be esteemed as wellspring of viable appraisal data. The new data I leant is that Parents and educators inclusions at surveying our students help us to understanding the social and intellectual of children’s advancement, and this is dynamic at helping the instructor build up a reasonable guidance technique to all youngsters including trying to know each child’s first and second

Paper Example The American Foreign Policy and the Snowden Issue

Paper Example The American Foreign Policy and the Snowden Issue Paper Example: The American Foreign Policy and the Snowden Issue The Snowden incident is a clear indication that America needs to do more on its foreign policy if it is to remain a global leader in various aspects. Failure to extradite the leaker of national intelligence information is a clear inadequacy on the side of the United States. Particularly considering the actions of Russia to grant temporal asylum to Snowden indicates that the world may not be as safe as the American foreign policy suggests. This calls for the U.S. to appreciate the developing international challenges, assume a more global perspective, and increase its efforts for international outreach.Looking at the actions of China and Russia concerning the issue in contrast with the wishes of America indicates the countries’ blindness to international safety and peace. Apparently, China and Russia are challenging America’s leadership in the global scene, which sets the wrong precedence because such contests are often dangerous. This calls for the United States to develop foreign policies that ensure it to remain a global leader providing peace and prosperity in the world, which would prevent the possibility of a dangerous post American world. Therefore, the United States should develop policies with the aim of active courtship of both traditional and new partners to manage contemporary and future threats to world peace and prosperity. Considering policies for coordinated action rather than conflict should be the guiding principle. Even though the foreign policy has been relatively effective in enhancing global activity, the Snowden incident indicates the need for more international consensus to manage global issues better and encourage nations such as Russia and China to cooperate. Achieving a global consensus would help the United States in advancing its own interests while making the world peaceful and prosperous.

Advertising Ethics 4 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 591 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Influence Essay Did you like this example? Ethics and Advertising Sisley Fashion Junkie This Sisley ad is not just unethical but also denigrating for the fashion industry. It represents two models consuming a product from a shirt that appears to be cocaine. The the slogan â€Å"Fashion Junkie† is establishing a correlation between drugs and fashion. The company is promoting the product in an inappropriate and immoral way. Drug abuse is an issue attacking todays’ society, thousands of adolescents dye every year as a result of the ingestion of illegal substances like cocaine, crack and heroin. Governments enforce strict laws prohibiting the production, exportation and importation of such goods but it is a tough fight due to the considerable amounts of money this market generates. Drug addiction is a disorder that drastically changes somebody’s lifestyle, social life and overall health. Addicts feel an uncontrollable desire to consume drugs or alcohol, they self destruct and in the majority of the cases do not want help. Families, together with hospitals, church facilities and government organizations are fighting this terrible decease that is attacking our society on its weakest point; youth. Advertisements influence millions of lives every second around the world, this ad is a classic example that some companies would do anything to stand out on the market even promote an illegal and harming product like cocaine. The fashion industry is a center point, it crates prototypes. Girls and boys want to be like the beautiful models they see on the screen. If their role model is promoting drugs as if it was something as fashionable as clothe, this message will translate into a big issue in the future. In the other hand fashion companies have developed the idea of a beautiful woman being extremely skinny and tall. This stereotype is clearly illustrated in Sisley’s ad where the models are extremely skinny so, that they even look sick. The girls and boys looking at these apparently perfect people illustrating what they should look like start feeling ugly, unaccepted and insignificant. Humans are extremely sensitive to visual incentives and unconsciously create a profile of how the world should be based on magazines, TV, movies, etc. the Anorexia and bulimia are eating disorders that are closely related to personality issues and have been blamed on advertisement and media sources many times, must of them represent perfect-looking people rather than reality where not everybody is physically attractive. There is also the interpretation that in the commercial the girls are not sniffing cocaine, they are actually sniffing the shirt. The message is that their clothe makes you feel as good as if you were high and it is addictive. In my opinion the advertisement is in fact relating drugs and fashion. Cocaine is considered the â€Å"rich kids† drug, the company is establishing a relationship between the people that have the money to do cocaine and those that can afford its brand. Sisley has been widely criticized for the lack of morality and social responsibility of this advertisement. The company felt so embarrassed that on July, 2007 United Colors of Benetton released the following statement to the press regarding it’s Sisley brand â€Å"In the recent days, images which are told to be part of the new Sisley advertising campaign have been published in internet. One of these images shows some girls sniffing a vest. The allusion to drugs and alcohol is more than clear. We would like to clearly state that the Sisley brand (and the Benetton company) has nothing to do with these images and therefore we refuse to be linked with them. † Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Advertising Ethics 4" essay for you Create order

Black Death Essay - 1926 Words

One could only imagine the fear the people in Europe experienced after learning of so many deaths across the land. Hearing of an illness heading towards you, a plague so severe, that it would end up causing a third of the population in Europe to parish. Originating in China in 1347 making its way to Europe in 1348, The Black Death is one of the worlds’ deadliest occurrences in history. The researcher will cover how the illness made its way to Europe, how the Church was effected, and what the doctors thought to be the blame for the illness and their frugal attempts for a cure. The social and economic ramifications of the plague will also be addressed. During the timeframe of 1333-1345, there were droughts followed by famine in†¦show more content†¦The ships carrying the Christian traders pulled into Messina, a port in Sicily. This would be the end for Europe. Messina was one of the major ports where trading occurred in Italy. Instead of finding silk, furs, manufa ctured goods, and spices aboard, the dockworkers found dead or dying sailors. The smell from the blood and pus that permeated from the black boils on the bodies was putrid (Lerner, R. E.). The ships were put out to sea within a couple of days but the damage had already been done. The towns’ people came down with the illness and so did anyone who ventured onto those drifting vessels. The Black Death had arrived. The ships carrying the plague came into port in Genoa and Venice before it was realized they were the ones that caused so many people to suffer in Messina. An immigration mandate was passed, forcing people who were returning to Venice from the East to be quarantined for 40 days. The significance of this figure was that Christ had spent that many days suffering in the wilderness. In Milan, if anyone in your family came down with the illness, a cross was placed on the doors of the house and there you stayed until you succumbed to the plague. After leaving Italy, it took two months for the plague to raise its ugly head in France, where the immune systems of the citizens there were already fragile from wars and famine (Martin, S.). The plague made its way into EgyptShow MoreRelatedThe Black Of Black Death939 Words   |  4 Pageshistory few events seem as cataclysmic as the Black Death. The Black Death was actually one of the most deadly pandemics in human history. This awful pandemics most devastating time in Europe was between 1348 and 1350. According to some estimates it wiped out at least two-thirds of Europe’s population. A Malmesbury monk from Wiltshire wrote that, â€Å"Over England as a whole a fifth og men, women and children were carried to the grave.† (James â€Å"Black Death: The lasting impact†) Many epidemiologists stillRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, one of the greatest natural disaster to hit Europe thus causing the death of many people in the most horrific manner and cause the end of feudalism. This was a disaster that affected one third of the European continent and also one that no one was prepared to face. It killed more people than during a war and it impacted simple lives of people, their culture, religion and the economy as a whole. The origin of The Black Death has several explanations. Some people said The Black DeathRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death905 Words   |  4 Pagesgrew were dying. On the wake of these seven distressing years of weather and famine was the greatest plague of all times, The Black Death. In 1347 AD, The Black Death began spreading throughout Western Europe. Over the time span of three years, the widespread epidemic killed one third of the population in Europe with pretty near twenty five million people dead. The Black Death killed many more Europeans than any other endemic or war up to that time, vastly impacting the Church, the people, and the economyRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was a very important time in history and, while devastating, it led to many advances in medicine due to the mass spread of a new deadly disease. The 14th Century encompassed the time period of January 1, 1301 to December 31, 1400. When this disease struc k, Ole J. Benedictow calculates that it killed about 50 million people in Europe alone, which was about 60% of Europe’s population at the time. That being said, the Black Death, often referred to as the Bubonic Plague, clocked inRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death2017 Words   |  9 PagesThe Black Death The pandemic known to history as the Black Death was one of the world’s worst natural disasters in history. It was a critical time for many as the plague hit Europe and â€Å"devastated the Western world from 1347 to 1351, killing 25%-50% of Europe’s population and causing or accelerating marked political, economic, social, and cultural changes.† The plague made an unforgettable impact on the history of the West. It is believed to have originated somewhere in the steppes of central AsiaRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse l iving conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1349 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and scary symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch the PlagueRead MoreThe Black Death831 Words   |  4 PagesTHE BLACK DEATH! What Is The Black Death? The Black Death is a disease that went on for over 5 years. It also spread around a wide range of places! It killled and harmed thousands upon thousands of people and had no mercy. If you were to sadly catch the Black Death, you would DEFINITELY die and there was many cures and causes however none of the causes actually worked also all of causes were thought to be a punishment from God. Once you knew you had the Black DeathRead MoreThe Black Death1203 Words   |  5 PagesWhat were the short term and long term impacts of the Black Death on Medieval society? The Black Death is one of the most fatal diseases in human history and took its peak in Europe from 1348 to 1350. Half of Europe’s population was wiped out due to this disease and the short and long term impacts greatly affected the structure of Medieval Society. The Black Death or otherwise known as the plague was thought to have begun in Central Asia, which spread down the Silk Road and eventually to Europe

California University Education A Fading Dream Essay

Universities in California, especially UC Berkley and University of Southern California are ranked so high in the nation that foreign students yearn to study in California in order to get more chances to work in well-known companies such as Apple and Silicon Valley. The quality of schools and education people can get decides how many chances and how many possibilities to be close to success. According to Jennifer Medina, â€Å"During a 1960s renaissance, California’s public university system came to be seen as a model for the rest of the country and an economic engine for the state†. The uniquely structured California education system, which provides students with higher education and convenient transfer, attracts an increasing rate of†¦show more content†¦According to what Maxwell wrote, â€Å"Higher-education official note that students have endured tuition increase and program cuts during other lean times† Universities have difficulties in providing e nough classes for students due to the shortage in professors so that choosing suitable classes becomes increasingly tough. When most of the foreign students cannot attend the required classes, they have to take useless classes in order to reach the requirement banned by immigration legislation that foreign students have to take at least twelve units courses per semester. It is hard to believe that a university can be helpful in education if students cannot take classes they need or want. Also, fewer and fewer chances are provided for students to get into commendable universities since the cut in budget for universities leads to the enrollment decrease of universities. â€Å"UC leaders likely will follow in the fall 2004 with plans to freeze enrollment growth for freshmen, transfer students, and graduate students. That decision would block entry for an estimated five thousand eligible students† (Maxwell 208). Even though the California education system enables college students who did not get an offer from UC after high schools transfer to UC as long as they are qualified by required GPA, which is much easier way to get into their dream school, the budget cut makes universities accept fewer transfer students soShow MoreRelatedIllusion Or Dream : The American Dream1170 Words   |  5 PagesIllusion or Dream The American dream is a fluctuating ideology that motivated and took charge of many generations from the construction of this country. Until current day, People always need something that would help them set life goals and work hard for them their entire life. Up till now, there are not two people who can agree on the definition of the American dream, yet most of the Americans began to believe that this dream is just an illusion. Many Americans want to achieve the American dream, onlyRead MoreImmigration Position Paper2084 Words   |  9 PagesImmigration: A Time for Reform amp; Reevaluation By Ricardo Cerna Devry University / January 2012 / English 112 Immigration reform is the old yet new revitalized hot topic being discussed in the media which will not seem to fade away from the spot light despite its drawbacks. The reality of that ongoing debate is that this country, and the State of California in particular, was founded by immigrants fleeing an oppressive government, yet this same country and state now oppress immigrantsRead More The Impact Sociological Theories Have on Religion Essay2086 Words   |  9 Pagescategories that are classified under sociological theories: functionalist theory, conflict theory, and symbolic interaction theory. All three of these theories are known to have an impact on social institutions such as families, healthcare, religion, education, mass-media, politics, and economics. The primary focus of this research paper is to assess how the three major sociological theories have influence on religion. 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Nature of the sales environment free essay sample

The purpose of this essay is to analyse the key aspects of sale environment, including the international sale and legal and ethical issues. Based on the above this essay will first look at the importance of selling environment in the UK economy, it then discus and analyse the techniques of sales control and measurements for evaluation, supported with practical examples. Every business in the world has some certain unique features, which has to be learnt and practiced a lot in order to be successful in an enterprise. For example, a swimmer has to do practice regularly for hours in order to keep them fit for competitions. Even though the swimmer has succeeded in number of competition he has to work out regularly, everyday in order to defend his position at the highest level. During his training swimmer should focus on the mistakes which had made in the past competitions, also should train and prepare himself in such a way that shouldn’t repeat the same mistakes in future. There is an analogy between the competitive sports and salesmanship. As like in sports salesperson has to master the art of selling the products of the enterprise to the customers. The sales person himself should learn the fundamentals of selling and master them in order to get best results. The nature of sales personality depends on certain extent on heredity and environment. An intelligent salesman would combine the study and actual practice of the fundamentals by analysis. (Management-hub, 2012) Many studies have been conducted on understanding the customer and uncovering why some sales seem so easy and others seem almost impossible, even when the salesperson is using the same technique. In fact, the correct environment for customers to purchase and have business dealings with companies is a science. There are many rules and verifiable factors that can either increase or decrease the likelihood of making a sale. To understand the findings of these studies, everyone need to examine the common points listed below. (Sale Creators, 2007) 1. Leave the customer in their comfort zone. 2. Let the customer see you want to help and serve. 3. Do not feel hurried or pressured. 4. Do not hurry or pressure your customer. 5. Have effective human relations communications skills. 6. Have the sales environment maintained, clean and uncluttered. To increase a buyer’s receptiveness, a business has to take the findings of the points above and replace or correct any area that might be a concern for their customer. Every customer has anxieties when they meet a new person for the first time, or when they are in a new environment like a shop or store. This anxiety comes from the always present ‘unknowns’ with a new encounter. A lot of people have similar thought of or expressed these statements at one time in their lives. This is what defines their comfort zones. When comfort zones are challenged to expand humans often fight the process. Many times nobody do not want to change from what is comfortable. The removal of any of these buying anxieties creates a more positive sales environment. (Sale Creators, 2007) Pete Keon says: that generally in the business, it is necessary to find efficient methods of changing the sales environment. This might be necessary while the company evaluates it profitability during a sales year and finds they have experienced a loss. Transforming the sales environment will be no easy job for a company, however management can achieve this through utilizing the five major factors of sales success. It is essential that every sales staff, including the managers, are trained in 5 features of sales strategies; defining the sales campaign, sales motivation, sales presentation, sales methodologies, and sales leadership skills. These five vital elements of sales techniques will arm your company with a successful sales team, the backbone of a companys overall profitability and long-term viability. (Sales Success, 2012) The first sale success will need in changing the sales environment is defining the sales operation. This begins with knowing targets of client including demo graphic factors like age, educational background, earnings level, geographic location, and ethnicity. By knowing whom to go after with a product or service, available efficiently develop the companys sales presentation. A sales team needs the proper amount of time to prepare an effective sales technique when making the presentation. This consists of correct training in the next part of the five major elements of sales success, sales methodologies. Provide the workers proper training including online programs and in-house training so people would be ready to stay updated with modern sales presentation trends. Giving  the sales team the required training would assist to stay motivated to do the best possible job in their sales efforts for any company. When the success of the company relies upon changing the sales environment, equip your sales team with the very best tools offered by training them sales techniques. (Sales Success, 2012) As was discussed, role of selling plays an important thing for any business, but for example, international selling for economic survival of every cou ntry, because it permits to have the balance between their export earnings and import expenditure also known as the balance of payments. (Jobber and Lancaster, 1997) Economy Watch news wrote out: that the UK is the 7th leading importer and the 11th leading exporter in the world. Accordingly, the UK holds a massive trade deficit with the rest of the world, second only to the US. In 2010, UK imports were worth US 546.5 billion dollar with exports valued at only US405.6 billion dollar. Despite recent attempts by the government to reduce the trade deficit, the latest data from UK’s Office of National Statistics points to an ever-widening trade gap. Since the beginning of 2011, UK’s monthly trade deficit has hit record levels of more than  £4 billion per month. The monthly deficit in the UK for 2011 is also exceeding the previous record level of  £3.5 billion per month reached in 2007. The increase in UK’s budget deficit has also affected UK’s trade deficit. Therefore, the UK’s austerity plan to cut down public spending is necessary in order to reduce the trade deficit as well. So here is seen how necessarily international sales for UK in a whole. (Economy Watch, 2012) Importing is when an individual or business brings goods or services into the UK from another country. Careful consideration as to the practicalities needs to be given if intend to imports goods; this may include how to get the goods into the country, as well as the legal requirements.Under UK law, a number of legal responsibilities are imposed on a company, if wish to import goods in the UK. One of the first and probably most important duties being that will have to check if the Department for Business, Innovation Skills (BIS) requires business to have a licence. (Inbrief, 2012) By the way selling overseas is different compared to the domestic market, it however, provides individual firms with a number of benefits. As access to international markets becomes easier and more companies enter those markets, the competition between companies becomes harder, no matter which industry they operate in. Donaldson (2006) notes that even if the company does not do business abroad it is more likely to face competition from foreign firms in their home market, therefore by deciding to sell abroad it becomes more competitive and less vulnerable to economic crises. Other benefits are the opportunity for companies to achieve cost savings through increased economies of scale, as well as greater sales and faster growth due to demand in other markets which in turn can compensate the loss in the domestic market. All these is now possible due to technology which allows firms to control and coordinate operations globally because through the invention of internet and telecommunication the interaction with external customers and suppliers became much quicker and easier. Another important factor is Language because the first challenge when dealing with international markets is to overcome the language barrier. It is especially crucial in direct selling. Good knowledge of the another language will make sales easier and can make a dramatic difference because the salesperson has greater access to a local society and no interpreter is required. Companies usually translating theirs product advertising in local language, for example, Umbro the UK sports manufacturer had to withdraw a whole range of trainers called Zyklon, after a number of complains from individuals and other organisations regarding its name. This is because Zyklon was the name of the gas used to murder millions of Jews in concentration camps. This problem exists in any foreign company not only for UK firms; Chevrolet Nova also suffered poor sales in Latin America because No va in Spanish translated as does not go . Honda introduced their new car Fitta into Nordic countries in 2001. If they had taken the time to undertake some cross cultural marketing research they may have discovered that fitt was an old word used in vulgar language in Swedish, Norwegian and Danish. In the end they renamed it Honda Jazz. The Swedish furniture giant IKEA somehow agreed upon the name ‘fartfull’ for one of its new desks. All these examples show that the companies were not fully aware of the translation and meaning of their brand names implied in the native languages of the markets they were dealing with, which proves and study of the language would have saved them a lot of money. (Kwintessential, 2010) This proves that differences in culture creates some ethical dilemmas or misbehaviour and in order to overcome potential pitfalls the companies should refer to the help of specialists such as a cross cultural consultant,  who would examine words, images, pictures, and colours to ensure that they fit w ell with the targeted market. Also companies must do cross cultural training to equip their representatives with the knowledge of two or three cultures that are likely to be at the table during a negotiation, as well as pay more attention to marketing and advertising requirements in overseas markets. (Kwintessential, 2010) Also possible to add that, any material intended for import is sourced consistently with the legal and ethical review requirements in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. When an individual, establishment or organisation imports material for research, it is good practice for approval to be obtained from a research ethics authority or the local equivalent in the source country beforehand. Many countries have research ethics arrangements which operate to agreed standards. The ethical review in the source country may, in some cases, be considered to provide suitable assurances for the importing of material into UK market. (Human Tissue Authority, 2012) For example, tobacco manufactures use different pricing depending on the country they import to, in the UK cigarettes are more expensive than in Russia or some European countries, because of the high import tariffs and taxes imposed by the UK government. Political factors can also affect methods of selling that companies choose to distribute their products, Opway Corporation that used direct selling techniques failed to enter Japan market because this form of selling is considered by the government as a base for criminal activity. In order to comply with Japans regulations Opway should have changed its business plan to selling its products in retail stores. (Inbrief, 2012) Other difficult area of management is Sales forecasting. Most managers believe they are good at forecasting. However, forecasts made usually turn out to be wrong. Marketers argue about whether sales forecasting is a science or an art. The short answer is that it is a bit of both. Businesses are forced to look well ahead in order to plan their investments, launch new products, decide when to close or withdraw products and so on. The sales forecasting process is a critical one for most businesses. Key decisions that are derived from a sales forecast include: Employment levels required Promotional mix Investment in production capacity For example, accurately forecasting sales and building a sales plan can help to manage production, staff and financing needs more effectively and possibly avoid unforeseen cash flow problems. While its always wise to expect the unexpected, a well-constructed sales plan, combined with accurate sales forecasting, can allow to spend more time developing business rather than responding to day-to-day developments in sales and marketing.(Tutor to you, 2012) In conclusion, it is definitely possible to state: that on nature of selling in general affects a lot of important aspects, because with the development of the UK and global market individual companies have been affected in different ways. To avoid any negative impacts, companies should include and underline all arguments which was stated above. The main responsibility of the Sales managers is to meet and interact with a variety of customers including their own employees so as to understand the real needs of customers and devise qualitative and effective plans to meet the requirements of the customers. Some companies were waited success, they discovered new opportunities for expansion and growth, while others faced fierce competition and struggled to overcome the external pressure caused by cultural, ethical, economic, legal and political and other differences. Therefore, operating in nature of sale market it is important for firms always to be aware of what customers need and want, afterwards any business will be successful. Words: 2450

Trace of Arsenic Essays - Natural Environment, Food And Drink, Water

Trace of Arsenic Rice is a dietary staple, especially those of certain cultures. A variety of baby foods and formulas contain arsenic, which can be harm young children because of their underdeveloped brains and bodies. High-end organic formulas and baby foods contain high levels of arsenic. Developed humans are also affected. Levels of arsenic in rice have been linked to the genetic damage in humans and can increase the risk of cancer. Arsenic mixes into organic or inorganic compounds by seeping into water supplies, traveling through the wind, or spreading through industrial use. Evidence of Harm There have been multiple health outbreaks in areas including Bangladesh and Antofagasta. These outbreaks have been led to arsenic contaminated wells which people use for drinking water. Those exposed to the drinking water in Antofagasta had higher rates of bladder and lung cancer. Arsenic caused many deaths among Antofagastans age 30 and older. Arsenic is one of the most toxic substances and has caused health effects. The Rice Connection Andrew Meharg was studying the environmental effects of arsenic in Bangladesh when a student noted that rice was being irrigated with vast quantities of arsenic-contaminated water. Rice is a dietary staple. It is used for rice flour, malt, bran, pasta, noodles, breakfast cereals, cereal bars, crackers, rice cakes and more. Rice plants took up inorganic arsenic from water and soil with dismaying efficiency: at 10 times the rate of other grains. Health Food Surprise In 2008, Meharg reported that arsenic in baby rice cereal sold in the U.K. exceeded safety levels set for drinking water by both the U.S. and the European Union. The Dartmouth researchers realized that all kinds of baby formulas and foods contained rice; many were thickened with rice starch. Although the teams initial tests found barely a trace of arsenic in baby formula and pureed baby food, later tests showed that two organic toddler formulas contained up to 60 ppb of arsenic (adjusted for dilution) six times the EPA safety limit for water. Labels on the formula canisters told why: They were sweetened with organic brown rice syrup, considered a healthy alternative to corn syrup. And while brown rice syrup is rare in baby foods, it is common in crackers, cereals, snack bars, energy bars and many products marketed as health foods. The Risks of Imported Food Almost 15 percent of foods consumed in the U.S. come from outside the country. penetration from overseas is so vast and complex that a single product might contain ingredients from multiple countries, a fact you would never discern from labeling on the food itself. Its risky. Every food factory in the U.S. is supposed to undergo rigorous inspection. Once imported foods reach our shores, they enter the distribution chain with little fanfare and scrutiny; some argue they are barely vetted at all. Instead, by and large, problems come to light when Americans get sick. Part of the problem is the lack of resources we ourselves direct to food from abroad: The FDA has a minuscule team of some 1,500 inspectors devoted to food imports, a workforce too small to screen more than a tiny fraction of the food that arrives at U.S. ports each year for microbial pathogens or other disease-causing contaminants Underwater Robots Patrol the Red Tide of Harmful Algal Blooms Concentrations of algae in our oceans and lakes have long bloomed naturally, but climate change and fertilizer runoff from farms have exacerbated the situation in recent years. The outcome: algal blooms so massive that ecosystems turn into dead zones, resource-poor realms inhospitable to other life. The most dangerous of the blooms, called harmful algal blooms, or HABs, are often reddish in color, leading observers to call them red tides. The dangers are as ominous as the name. Some of the algae, or phytoplankton, manufacture saxitoxin, a poison so devastating it is the underlying cause of paralytic shellfish poisoning, an often-lethal reaction to shellfish that are storing toxic algal cells. This January, two people in Malaysia died after eating cockles tainted with the stuff. Other phytoplankton produce domoic acid, a neurotoxin that kills people, birds and marine mammals snacking on contaminated fish and shellfish. . The fight against red tides may be taking place one algal and shellfish species at a time. Elsewhere in

Evas Print Shop Essays

Evas Print Shop Essays Evas Print Shop Essay Evas Print Shop Essay Eva’s Print Shop: tripled bottom line operates as a social business and a corporate structure divided in terms of it’s two businesses some horizontal connection between the teams but not a clear functional structure hybrid between functional and divisional innovative features: social business (mohamed yunous) – integrating the production (commercial) and the teaching (social) business side – bringing in money to sustain the organization social side 2002 – they used to be funded by federal grants BUT caveat w. overnment funding required the trainees to be paid†¦ issue: these are homeless youth and they are being taken off the streets – giving them homes and are taught basic survival skills on how to live, and take care of themselves any kind of not for profit formula has strict guidelines which is why they switched because it was counter intuitive to the social goal. Case: Who: (names and position): Andrew Macdonald and the Advisory Bo ard (primary stakeholders) Eva’s initiatives What: (Key Issues): Whether or not to expand and if so how Why: (Root Causes): Funding Will the business side fund the social side? Need to help more at risk youth is pressing – growing problem When (Timeline): No, just as it works for the company Changing the funding has put some constraints on the economic business, BEP Analysis: (application of course concepts, models, theories): Performance: changing in funding formula away from government funding was made after 2005 strategic review – allowed Eva’s Phoenix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. How did this impact its organizational design? Strategy: integration of its social and commercial elements of the enterprise – triple bottom line, includes environmental – uses Bullfrog Power Models: triple-bottom line effectiveness measures: goal approach – internal process model: how does the training side interact with the commercial side? How are conflicts resolved? resource model: by choosing bullfrog power, they may be paying more for their power but using homeless youth – they may be comprising their efficiency and quality Balancing Act between the 2 Professionalism – more professional you’re staff, the more you have to pay them Decision Criteria 1. ncrease youth participation 2. increase efficiency on the economic business side 3. feasibility and funding 4. keeping or increasing the synergy 5. no compromise the social or environmental objectives for the business objectives 6. complexity in the design structure 7. maintaining your volunteers Alternatives: 1. Keep the structure the same but tweak it, make economic more efficient (incremental efficiencies) 2. Grow the business using the same structure – just bigger 3. Grow geographically – replicating the model in different cities where there is a similar need 4. Separate the print shop and the social initiatives Evaluation of Alternatives 1. Incremental efficiencies will allow for more professionalism and customer focus – some basic training before anyone works in the print shop handling customer materials – meets a, b, c d 2. Growing the†¦ Recommendation/Implementation/contingency finding a suitable location – must find advisory board and volunteers securing funding to run a similar operation – finance volunteer finding customers and sales volunteer onnecting with volunteer agency in the designated city to source homeless youth and discuses details on how to manage the process hiring staff with the expertise needed to run both the print side and the social side create and accountability Constrains Budgetary issues Timelines Downside Risk: Failure of program – volunteer not committed Not find youth who are interested in staying and learning new skills Not enough customers Contingency: partner ing with a local social agency and try to implement the program using their infrastructure and recourse while providing your expertise

Structure and Framework of the Federal Courts Research Paper

Structure and Framework of the Federal Courts - Research Paper Example It is also out of the recognition that the constitution has for the broad nature of legal enforcement and the need to ensure that administration of justice and the enforcement of rule of law goes to the grassroots that there exists different parts and ranks of the court system, which is specifically assigned to interpret the constitution. This paper shall therefore visit the court system as the major framework that embodies the legal system and bring out the structure and role of the federal courts. Purpose and Function of the Topic One key aspect of the legal system in the United States and most other democratic states like United Kingdom and France is the court and the structure of it. In the United States, there is what is known as the Federal Court system, which has been vested with the power of interpretation of the law at the local level2. In essence therefore, the present topic, which is stated as â€Å"the structure and framework of the federal courts† seeks to achieve three major functions and purposes. The first purpose and function of the topic is to aid in the categorization of the federal court system. From a Congress viewpoint, the Supreme Court is the highest court in the land3. This Supreme court is overseen by a Chief Justice and eight other associate justices. But even within the Supreme Court, there are two constitutes of courts, which are the Appellate Court and Trail Courts. These bring the categorization down to smaller courts, which are made up of District Courts and Circuit Courts. In order to ensure that there is not at any point in time overburden on the courts in the jurisdiction of justice, there are as many minor courts as possible, all of whom have been assigned special duties, cases and roles to oversee and hear. Some of these include bankruptcy courts, magistrate courts, the U.S. Court of Claims, the U.S. Court of Veterans' Appeals, the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, the U.S. Tax Court, and the U.S. Court of International Trade. The second purpose and function of the topic is to clearly outline what the differences between a State Court and a Federal Court are. This is an important purpose to achieve with the topic because in a bid to educating the ordinary citizen of the legal system, it is very important for the citizen to have an idea of where to turn to in the event of different cases of legal concern. To this end, it would be said that unlike Federal Courts, most State Courts have very limited jurisdictions. From a legal perspective, this means that State Courts do not have as much power to trail wider range of cases as Federal Courts do4. Because of this, most judges in State Courts are appointed or elected only over a specified time frame and not for life as it is with Federal Courts. Some of the cases that a typical State Court would trail is reflective in the name of the court. Examples are probate court, family court, traffic court, municipal court, small claims court and juvenile court. F inally, this topic seeks to expatiate on the effectiveness of the sovereignty of the various levels of the Federal Court in the legal system and structure of the country. Indeed, one of the main principles on which the legal system works is the principle of independence. This means that every court must be given maximum room to operate without any form of interference from

Micro8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Micro8 - Essay Example e Americas Cup sailboat races increases interest in sailing, it will have two effects: raising the equilibrium quantity and raising the price of sailboats. There will be a shift towards the right for the demand curve, driving price and quantity. b) If producers expect the price of sailboats to rise next year, there will be two effects: the lowering quantity supplied and raising the price of the sales boat. The will be a leftward shift of the supply curve. c) If the cost of fiberglass used in the production of sailboats increases the supply of the sailboats will lower and the price will increase. The supply curve shifts rightward driving the price and quantity as indicated in the graph. a) Price elasticity of demand for food is higher in Tanzania than United States because of the difference in average income. The larger the amount of income spent on food purchases, the larger is the price elasticity of demand for food (Parkin, 2007, p.93). The average income in Tanzania is very low when compared to that of United States, implying that the proportion of income spent of food is large. This high price elasticity imply that much of the income in Tanzania is spent on food purchases while only a small amount of income is spent on food in US. Note that the high price elasticity does not mean that food purchases in Tanzania are more compared to US, but only indicate income spending on food. b) Tax on gasoline will provide more tax revenue than tax on restaurant meals. This is because gasoline does not have really close substitutes like restaurant meals. Despite the price changes in gasoline, automobiles must drive on the product. However, if restaurant meals became expensive, people may opt to cook by themselves and evade the high prices of restaurant meals. Therefore, tax revenue which is dependent on the quantity of goods sold and tax will be higher for gasoline than restaurant meals. a) Consumer surplus at the competitive equilibrium = the area above the price

Western society Essay Example for Free

Western society Essay Marie Chiu is a Chinese national who is now residing in the United States and is studying at a Californian State as a Middle School Student. She has moved to US because of the urge of her parents for her to take her studies and later on work in the said country. She is currently living with her parents in California as she takes her studies in a state university. Memory and Learning Humans as individually different as they are, have different terms of learning that actually helps them in becoming the persons that they are at present and further towards the future. The ability of humans to remember the impact of the past experiences that they once had and the persistence that they have towards understanding the situations that they dealt with before makes them a lot stronger in facing the changes as well as the challenges that they need to understand for the sake of establishing their future. Memory and Learning- THE Interview As an Asian, it was not that easy for her to adjust to the western lifestyle. Although she has her parents right beside her, it could not be denied that the effort she places on actually being able to adjust with the American lifestyle has brought her stress during her first months of staying in the country. Today however, she has already been able to cope up with the said adjustments after being able to stay in the US for at least a year now. As a cognitive learner, she says that her being able to understand and immediately adapt to the culture of a foreign land. She primarily used her experiences as well as the moral learning she particularly gained from her ancestors in China to be able to face the challenges that she needed to face the new life offered to her in the United States. As a student, she is able to remember as much information as she could retain in her mind. Most of the time, she notes this particular ability in connection with her wanting of becoming a fast learner as she actually feels the pressure and the need of being one especially that she is living in a new society. She points out further that this attitude towards learning particularly sprung out from her wanting to adjust faster to the American society. As part of the learning process, she prefers learning necessary informations on the western culture as well as with her studies [formal education] in people-filled areas. She noted that this procedure has actually helped her see how the things she reads from the book is seen accurately applied with the people’s dealings as she sees them. She further explains that this is the process by which she integrates reading and observing at the same time. IT is through this that she is able to see the accuracy of what she learns from the books. Personality Development Society is generally composed of individuals who have multi-diverse personality and characteristics as influenced by many social factors including philosophy and culture. In this aspect, many social factors influenced and affect the development of the individual resulting to its uniqueness from the general field. Each person has his or her own personality based mainly on his or her philosophy, culture, lifestyle and others. One of the most influential sociological factor in the modern society is the perspective of interactionism. In this sociological perspective, individuals in the society have the philosophy wherein they can eliminate or negate the effects particularly the negative side of social labeling. This promotes the personal view that individuals can breakthrough the sociological definition of their existence levied upon them by the society as a whole. In addition, the sociological perspective of interactionism points out the individuals can resist against the influence of sociological status quo in the development of the personality of each individual. Thus, this sociological perspective ideally promotes the concept of individual rights for their own free will. Personality Development- The Interview As a non-native American, her personality has been mainly influenced by her traditional origins and the influences that she primarily received from transferring in the country. Moreover, she was able the fact that she was able to adapt to the American lifestyle already, she is then considered reformed as a person. In terms of culture and social awareness, Anna Marie Chiu is now more open to accepting the different dimensions of cultural changes especially if she knows that those changes would do her well as an individual. During her examination at school, she remembers taking the Myers Briggs Test [which is an examination aimed to scale the personality of an individual based upon the measurements of attitude that the questionnaires are based from]. As she took the said examination, she was able to understand why she is the way she is. She considers the examination results highly accurate and considerably acceptable on her part. The understanding particularly placed on her being culturally different from the society that she is presently living in actually convinced her that the examination results actually showed her how she could be able to adjust to the Western society through utilizing her strengths as an individual and at the same time regulating her weaknesses.

Southworths Brilliant Writing Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Southworth's Brilliant Writing    Few nineteenth-century American women novelists met with success equal to that of Emma Dorothy Eliza Nevitte Southworth (E.D.E.N. Southworth). Harriet Beecher Stowe, Susan Warner, Fanny Fern, and others certainly sold record numbers of individual novels; however, E.D.E.N. Southworth's over 40 novels consistently became best-sellers throughout a 44-year career, making her, over time, perhaps the best-selling author, male or female, of her generation. Her stories entered into the American consciousness--becoming popular plays, shaping fashion trends, developing women's visions of themselves--as well as shaped the image of "Americanness" in the minds of international readers around the globe. In particular, Southworth's novels taught the world a vision of the American woman that equaled in power and influence James Fenimore Cooper's presentation of the American man that so captured international attention. Back at home, reviewers, critics, and other novelists either praised or rejected the immense energy of her writing, her vision, calling her the best novelist of the age or, conversely, attacking the unladylike exuberance of her prose or themes. Her primacy forced the literary world to respond--either as lovers or haters. Southworth's life trials shaped the fiction writer she became. As a woman repeatedly placed on the margins--by poverty, neglect, social stratification, status as an abandoned woman--Southworth learned to speak the language of the dispossessed. In an era when debates over human rights dominated the political and social landscape, Southworth wrote fiction celebrating strong independent women, aboli... ... to rewrite nineteenth-century literary history to include Southworth, for she reflected and commented upon the social realities for women in her time, argued for human rights for many without voices, and promoted tolerance of religion, race, and class, and in doing so, captured the imagination of generations of readers. In her own time, Southworth's voice certainly carried far, reaching across the country and over the oceans to England, France, Germany, and Iceland to touch the hearts and minds of millions. She deserves a place in literary history, not only for the impact she had on readers, but also for the lessons she teaches us about nineteenth-century culture, social tensions, and gender, class, and race ideology. Southworth stands, then as now, as a vital figure in the development of the novel in America.   

Crime and Best Glorification

The best glorification of crime and criminals seems to be portrayed in the news, TV, and movies. Often you will see how a bank robber will get away with the cash and never get caught. In movies criminals seem to get away with their crimes if in some way the crime is justified. In today’s world it sometimes appears to be easier if you’re the bad guy. This mind set is due to the portrayal of the criminal in movies and on the news. A prime example of glorifying a criminal would be CSI. CIS is a television show that is based on crime scenes and criminal minds. CSI goes into a criminals mind and show how and why I crime happens. This makes the criminal mind seem fascinating and sometimes portrays the criminal as a genius. I feel almost making the crime and criminal as famous and as powerful as the show it’s self. Another example would be Law Abiding Citizen. The main character goes on a killing spire on the justice center of Philadelphia. Even though he has killed so many people you still feel sympathetic towards him because his family was brutally raped and murdered and the justice center did nothing. Due to the circumstances he decided to take actions in to his own hands. This movie, in many ways, makes the crimes and the criminal more glorious as if he had done the right thing. The news is another example of glorifying crime and criminals. The news often talks about how cops can not control gangs, how the gangs are growing and becoming more powerful. This makes the gangs more glorious and, in ways, only adds power to the gang. For young children growing up in gang-ran areas this may push them to join because of the media’s portrayal of the power associated with gangs. The best glorification of crime and criminals seems to be portrayed in the news, TV, and movies. The media truly seems to make it look easier to be the bad guy. In today’s news and movies the criminals seems to be powerful or justified.

Markthal Rotterdam And Port City Urban Design - 1749 Words

Markthal Rotterdam and Port City Urban Design Rotterdam is known as the Netherlands number one city for architecture (Groenendijk, 2015, p. 114). It is easy to see why when one considers the overwhelming number of iconic buildings in the city, and how those individual buildings, while creating a cohesive city, have managed to and continue to transform Rotterdam. Markthal Rotterdam, one of the iconic buildings, is an award winning combination of open-air market, department store, shopping centre and residential building. It won the 2016 Rotterdam Architecture Award and the German Council of Shopping Centres award for European Innovation (Rotterdamer architekturpreis fà ¼r die Markthal, 2016, 126). Markthal Rotterdam was designed by†¦show more content†¦8). The idea of completely reconstructing the historical city centre to its previous splendor was discarded by van Traa and a new spatial layout designed to separate functions and accommodate traffic was developed (Groenendij k, 2015, p. 8). Nonetheless, the fire line of the German bombing is still visible due to the difference between the old, nineteenth-century buildings and the new, post-war construction (Groenendijk, 2015, p. 18). The Basic Plan for Reconstruction implemented an efficient traffic plan on an orthogonal grid and the separation of functions was influenced by modernist urban planning ides. However, the Basic Plan only governed urban planning in Rotterdam until the 1970s when criticism of the emptiness, lack of housing, and lack of warmth was overwhelming (Groenendijk, 2015, p. 19). For example, in the book De binnenstadsbeleving en Rotterdam (The Inner City Experience and Rotterdam), R. Wenholt criticized the reconstruction of Rotterdam in the late 1960s stating that the inner city failed at providing a vibrant, varied, convivial, pleasant, intimate city (Meyer, 1999, p.328). The Markthal Rotterdam addresses the criticism of the Basic Plan, although the outdated Basic Plan didn t directl y influence its design, by creating a vibrant welcoming public square

Saigo Takamori The Last Samurai

Saigo Takamori of Japan is known as the Last Samurai, who lived from 1828 to 1877 and is remembered to this day as the epitome of bushido, the samurai code. Although much of his history has been lost, recent scholars have discovered clues to the true nature of this illustrious warrior and diplomat. From humble beginnings in the capital of Satsuma, Saigo followed the path of the samurai through his brief exile and would go on to lead reform in the Meiji government, eventually dying for his cause—leaving a lasting impact on the people and culture of 1800s Japan. Early Life of the Last Samurai Saigo Takamori was born on January 23, 1828, in Kagoshima, Satsumas capital, the oldest of seven children. His father, Saigo Kichibei, was a low-ranking samurai tax official who only managed to scrape by despite his samurai status. As a result, Takamori and his siblings all shared a single blanket at night even though they were large people, sturdy with a few standing over six feet tall. Takamoris parents also had to borrow money to buy farmland in order to have enough food for the growing family. This upbringing instilled a sense of dignity, frugality, and honor in young Saigo. At age six, Saigo Takamori started at the local goju—or samurai  elementary school—and got his first wakizashi, the short sword used by samurai warriors. He excelled more as a scholar than a warrior, reading extensively before he graduated from school at 14 and was formally introduced to the Satsuma in 1841. Three years later, he began work in the local bureaucracy as an agricultural adviser, where he continued to work through his brief, childless arranged marriage to 23-year-old Ijuin Suga in 1852. Not long after the wedding, both of Saigos parents died, leaving Saigo as the head of a family of twelve with little income to support them. Politics in Edo (Tokyo) Shortly thereafter, Saigo was promoted to the post of daimyos attendant in 1854 and accompanied his lord to Edo on alternate attendance, taking a 900-mile-long walk to the shoguns capital, where the young man would work as his lords gardener, unofficial spy, and confident. Soon, Saigo was Daimyo Shimazu Nariakiras closest adviser, consulting other national figures on affairs including the shogunal succession. Nariakira and his allies sought to increase the emperors power at the expense of the shogun, but on July 15, 1858, Shimazu died suddenly, likely of poison. As was the tradition for samurai in the event of their lords death, Saigo contemplated committing to accompany Shimazu into death, but the monk Gessho convinced him to live and continue his political work to honor Nariakiras memory instead. However, the shogun began to purge pro-imperial politicians, forcing Gessho to seek Saigos help in escaping to Kagoshima, where the new Satsuma daimyo, unfortunately, refused to protect the pair from shogun officials. Rather than facing arrest, Gessho and Saigo jumped from a skiff into Kagoshima Bay and were pulled from the water by the boats crew—regrettably, Gessho could not be revived. The Last Samurai in Exile The shoguns men were still hunting him, so Saigo went into a three-year internal exile on the small island of Amami Oshima. He changed his name to Saigo Sasuke, and the domain government declared him dead. Other imperial loyalists wrote to him for advice on politics, so despite his exile and officially dead status, he continued to have an impact in Kyoto. By 1861, Saigo was well-integrated into the local community. Some children had pestered him into becoming their teacher, and the kind-hearted giant complied. He also married a local woman named  Aigana and fathered a son. He was settling happily into island life but reluctantly had to leave the island in February of 1862 when he was called back to Satsuma. Despite a rocky relationship with the new daimyo of Satsuma, Nariakiras half-brother Hisamitsu, Saigo soon was back in the fray. He went to the Emperors court in Kyoto in March and was amazed to meet samurai from other domains who treated him with reverence for his defense of Gessho. His political organizing ran afoul of the new daimyo, however, who had him arrested and banished to a different small island just four months after his return from Amami. Saigo was getting accustomed to the second island when he was transferred to a desolate penal island further south, where he spent more than a year on that dreary rock, returning to Satsuma only in February of 1864. Just four days after his return, he had an audience with the daimyo, Hisamitsu, who shocked him by appointing him commander of the Satsuma army in Kyoto. Return to the Capital In the Emperors capital, politics had changed significantly during Saigos exile. Pro-emperor daimyo and radicals called for an end to the shogunate and the expulsion of all foreigners. They saw Japan as the abode of gods—since the Emperor descended from the Sun Goddess—and believed that the heavens would protect them from the western military and economic might. Saigo supported a stronger role for the Emperor  but distrusted the others millennial rhetoric. Small-scale rebellions broke out around Japan, and the shoguns troops proved shockingly unable to put down the uprisings. The Tokugawa regime was falling apart, but it had not yet occurred to Saigo that a future Japanese government might not include a shogun—after all, the shoguns had ruled Japan  for 800 years. As commander of Satsumas troops, Saigo led an 1864 punitive expedition against the Choshu domain, whose army in Kyoto had opened fire on the Emperors residence. Along with troops from Aizu, Saigos massive army marched on Choshu, where he negotiated a peaceful settlement rather than launching an attack. Later this would turn out to be a pivotal decision since Choshu was Satsumas major ally in the Boshin War. Saigos nearly bloodless victory won him national fame, eventually leading to his appointment as an elder of Satsuma in September of 1866. Fall of the Shogun At the same time, the shoguns government in Edo was increasingly tyrannical, trying to keep a hold on power. It threatened an all-out attack on Choshu, even though it did not have the military might to defeat that large domain. Bonded by their distaste for the shogunate, Choshu and Satsuma gradually formed an alliance. On December 25, 1866, the 35-year-old Emperor Komei suddenly died. He was succeeded by his 15-year-old son, Mutsuhito, who would later become known as the Meiji Emperor. During 1867, Saigo and officials from Choshu and Tosa made plans to bring down the Tokugawa bakufu. On January 3, 1868, the Boshin War began with Saigos army of 5,000 marching forward to attack the shoguns army, numbering three times as many men. The shogunates troops were well-armed, but their leaders had no consistent strategy, and they failed to cover their own flanks. On the third day of battle, the artillery division from Tsu domain defected to Saigos side and began to shell the shoguns army instead. By May, Saigos army had surrounded Edo and threatened to attack, forcing the shoguns government to surrender. The formal ceremony took place on April 4, 1868, and the former shogun was even allowed to keep his head! However, Northeastern domains led by Aizu continued to fight on the shoguns behalf until September., when they surrendered to Saigo, who treated them fairly, furthering his fame as a symbol of samurai virtue. Forming the Meiji Government After the Boshin War, Saigo retired to hunt, fish, and soak in hot springs. Like all other times in his life, though, his retirement was short-lived—in January of 1869, the Satsuma daimyo made him a counselor of the domains government. Over the next two years, the government seized land from the elite samurai and redistributed profits to lower ranked warriors. It began to promote samurai officials based on talent, rather than rank, and also encouraged the development of modern industry. In Satsuma and the rest of Japan, though, it was not clear whether reforms like these were sufficient, or if the entire social and political systems were due for a revolutionary change. It turned out the be the latter—the emperors government in Tokyo wanted a new, centralized system, not just a collection of more efficient, self-governing domains.   In order to concentrate power, Tokyo needed a national military, rather than relying on the domain lords to supply troops.  In April of 1871, Saigo was persuaded to return to Tokyo to organize the new national army. With an army in place, the Meiji government summoned the remaining daimyo to Tokyo in mid-July, 1871 and abruptly announced that the domains were dissolved and the lords authorities abolished. Saigos own daimyo, Hisamitsu, was the only one who publicly railed against the decision, leaving Saigo tormented by the idea that he had betrayed his domain lord. In 1873, the central government began to conscript commoners as soldiers, replacing the samurai. Debate over Korea Meanwhile, the Joseon Dynasty in Korea refused to recognize the Mutsuhito as an emperor, because it traditionally recognized only the Chinese emperor as such—all other rulers were mere kings. The Korean government even went as far as having a prefect publicly state that by adopting western-style customs and clothing, Japan had become a barbarian nation. By early 1873, Japanese militarists who interpreted this as a grave affront called for an invasion of Korea but in a July meeting that year, Saigo opposed sending warships to Korea. He argued that Japan should use diplomacy, rather than resorting to force, and offered to head a delegation himself. Saigo suspected that the Koreans might assassinate him, but felt that his death would be worthwhile if it gave Japan a truly legitimate reason to attack its neighbor. In October, the prime minister announced that Saigo would not be allowed to travel to Korea as an emissary. In disgust, Saigo resigned as the army general, imperial councilor, and commander of the imperial guards the next day. Forty-six other military officers from the southwest resigned as well, and government officials feared that Saigo would lead a coup. Instead, he went home to Kagoshima. In the end, the dispute with Korea came to a head only in 1875 when a Japanese ship sailed to Korean shores, provoking artillery there into opening fire. Then, Japan attacked forcing the Joseon king to sign an unequal treaty, which eventually led to the outright annexation of Korea in 1910. Saigo was disgusted by this treacherous tactic as well. Another Brief Respite from Politics Saigo Takamori had led the way in Meiji reforms including the creation of a conscript army and the end of daimyo rule. However, disgruntled samurai in Satsuma viewed him as a symbol of traditional virtues and wanted him to lead them in opposition to the Meiji state. After his retirement, however, Saigo simply wanted to play with his kids, hunt, and go fishing. He suffered from angina and also filariasis, a parasitic infection that gave him a grotesquely enlarged scrotum. Saigo spent a lot of time soaking in hot springs and strenuously avoiding politics. Saigos retirement project was the Shigakko, new private schools for young Satsuma samurai where the students studied infantry, artillery, and the Confucian classics. He funded but was not directly involved with the schools, so did not know that the students were becoming radicalized against the Meiji government. This opposition reached the boiling point in 1876 when the central government banned samurai from carrying swords and stopped paying them stipends. The Satsuma Rebellion By ending the samurai classs privileges, the Meiji government had essentially abolished their identity, allowing small-scale rebellions to erupt all over Japan. Saigo privately cheered on the rebels in other provinces, but stayed at his country house rather than returning to Kagoshima for fear that his presence might spark yet another rebellion. As tensions increased, in January 1877, the central government sent a ship to seize munitions stores from Kagoshima. The Shigakko students heard that the Meiji ship was coming and emptied the arsenal before it arrived.  Over the next several nights, they raided additional arsenals around Kagoshima, stealing weapons and ammunition, and to make matters worse, they discovered that the national police had sent a number of Satsuma natives to the Shigakko as central government spies. The spy leader confessed under torture that he was supposed to assassinate Saigo. Roused from his seclusion, Saigo felt that this treachery and wickedness in the imperial government required a response. He did not want to rebel, still feeling deep personal loyalty to the Meiji Emperor, but announced on February 7 that he would go to Tokyo to question the central government. The Shigakko students set out with him, bringing rifles, pistols, swords, and artillery. In all, about 12,000 Satsuma men marched north toward Tokyo, starting the Southwest War, or Satsuma Rebellion. The Death of the Last Samurai Saigos troops marched out confidently, sure that samurai in other provinces would rally to their side, but they faced an imperial army of 45,000 with access to unlimited supplies of ammunition. The rebels momentum soon stalled when they settled into a months-long siege of Kumamoto Castle, just 109 miles north of Kagoshima. As the siege wore on, the rebels ran low on munitions, prompting them to switch back to their swords. Saigo soon noted that he had fallen into their trap and taken the bait of settling into a siege. By March, Saigo realized that his rebellion was doomed. It did not bother him, though—he welcomed the opportunity to die for his principles. By May, the rebel army was in retreat southward, with the imperial army picking them off up and down Kyushu until September of 1877. On September 1, Saigo and his 300 surviving men moved to Shiroyama mountain above Kagoshima, which was occupied by 7,000 imperial troops. On September 24, 1877, at 3:45 am, the Emperors army launched its final assault in what is known as the Battle of Shiroyama. Saigo was shot through the femur in the last suicide charge and one of his companions cut off his head and hid it from the imperial troops to preserve his honor.   Although all of the rebels were killed, the imperial troops managed to locate Saigos buried head. Later woodcut prints depicted the rebel leader kneeling to commit traditional seppuku, but that would not have been possible given his filariasis and shattered leg. Saigos Legacy Saigo Takamori helped to usher in the modern era in Japan, serving as one of the three most powerful officials in the early Meiji government. However, he was never able to reconcile his love of samurai tradition with the demands of modernizing the nation. In the end, he was killed by the imperial army he organized. Today, he serves the thoroughly modern nation of Japan as a symbol of its samurai traditions—traditions that he reluctantly helped to destroy.

Strengths And Weaknesses Of My Family Essay - 1542 Words

Strengths: Two major strengths of my family are is our strong desire to have close relationships with one another, and the hard work ethic of my family. Despite all of the relationships in my family, those are the two most common. It all started with my grandfather Klein and my grandma Alene, they both came from families that had nothing. At one point in their marriage they lived in a tent†¦ they’ve come a long way and now are some of the wealthiest people I know and have used their success to help all their children and grandchild succeed. They taught us ALL how to work hard and to never give up on our dreams. While always pursuing their dreams and go after them, despite all their success, they still put relationships first. My grandparents owned numerous businesses, one being and R.V. Park. They treated their tenants with so much kindness and love. When my grandfather passed away, I had countless people coming up to me saying things like: â€Å"Your grandfather gave my first job, or my second chance†, â€Å"He loaned me money and never asked for a dime back†, â€Å"He helped start my business and help it become what it is today†, â€Å"He was the most humble and giving man I know†. All these strangers going out of their way to make sure I knew how great my grandfather was made me realize the kind of person I want to be. 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Virtual Team Challenges in ICT Projects

Question: Discuss about theVirtual Team Challenges in ICT Projects. Answer: Introduction Financial pressures on ICT projects have been a reason for companies setting up virtual teams for project management as virtual space consumes less of financial resources of an organization. However, with virtual teams come several challenges concerning culture, communication, technology and management. This paper makes an attempt to understand how virtual team work and explores various challenges that are faced by them in ICT environment. The paper would also come up with some recommendations on how some of these challenges can be overcome to enhance the performance of virtual teams(Afaq, et al., 2014). Virtual Project Management Virtual project management is an outcome of people working together remotely on a project towards a unified goal. Different people in a virtual team work in different boundaries of time, space and geography but are linked together with communication technologies. Skyrmeidentified three dimensions of virtual teams and these include time, place and organizational structure. Gussdefined project teams using four classes of project teams including the following: Project Team Class Characteristics Pure No single organizational method is controlling different virtual teams Transitional Teams have mono as well as hybrid forms Hybrid Teams show multi-organizational culture Unified Every team member works for the same organization(Barker, 2001) Peterson and Stohrhave identified 7 types of virtual teams as listed below: Networked Teams: Networked teams have diffused boundaries and fluid membership such that all team members work on same goals Parallel Teams: These teams are distinctive in nature and work on temporary basis for developing recommendations on improvements. Project Teams: These teams perform non-routine tasks for a specified duration and have some level of authority for making decisions related to a project Production Teams: These teams have members with clearly defined roles and specific set of routine deliverables Service Teams: A round the clock service support role is remotely provided by service teams Management teams: These teams work in close collaboration within a specific functional division Action Teams: These teams are used in emergency conditions and have to provide immediate response(Fisher Fisher, 2001). Because of this diversity displayed by different types of teams, complex ICT projects have to face many challenges as they show cultural differences, communication differences and so on. The next section discusses various challenges that are exclusively faced by virtual teams. A framework of virtual teams on an ICT project may be used to understand how these different teams work together towards a unified project goal. Figure 1: Virtual Teams in Organizations Virtual teams work in the purview of broader social system that is formed out of interactions between people from different cultures. There can be differences in their norms, values, technology adoption behaviour, and communication approaches. These factors can influence the group dynamics, organizational processes and project management strategies. As the project management in virtual teams has to have considerations of differences in geography, cultures, structures, and temporal differences, project management in virtual teams can become very complex(Par' Dub, 2000). Challenges Virtual teams can already face regular projects team challenges such as false consensus, unresolved conflicts, closure avoidance, uneven team participation, calcified meetings, and lack of accountability. However, with virtual structure in place, there are additional challenges such as: Technology Adoration: When virtual teams are connected with technology, an additional dimension comes up to add to challenges which are technology adoration. Technology adoration causes people to only use technology and depend on the same for interaction and thus, they may always use emails for communication avoid face to face interactions such as over phone or through personal meetings even when opportunities are provided(Iqbal Nauaman, 2001). Lack of Trust: In traditional working methods, people working for same organization could also have face to face interactions and thus, there were more opportunities to collaborate and understand each other as well as develop trust. However, this advantage of ability to interact is not there with the virtual teams and thus, trust can become a major issue (Rolfes, 2001). Lack of Rich Communication: Another issue with virtual teams is the lack of richness in communication. This includes absence of immediate feedback, lack of multiple communication cues, and personalization. Lack of non-verbal communication which happens in face to face meeting can also play a role in building relationships but the same is not possible while working in virtual settings. Thus, building relationships to bring coordination among people can be a big challenge in virtual teams(REED KNIGHT, 2011). Differential Time Zones: Virtual teams operate in different time zones and exercise the freedom to work as per their own comfortable time. However, this freedom can lead to weakening of relationships between project team members and also affect the commitment levels of teams. A case study by Kelley and Sankey in 2008 revealed that differential time zones were one of the unique and most challenging factors while working with virtual teams for organizations. Cultural Differences: Culture is a set of norms, values and beliefs that are shared between specific team members. In virtual teams, differential cultures exist that can impact the communication between the members. Cultural differences are easier to resolve in a face to face setting but in the virtual setting, the interaction is very less and thus, cultural barriers are even more pronounced. While traditional teams may have cultural barriers caused by differences in upbringing, the organizational culture would remain same but in the case of virtual teams, even the organizational cultures within which they work could be different due to geographical, functional and other types of team dispersions. Technology knowledge: Various team members can come from different parts of the world and many a times, to bring them together, collaborative technologies like audio conferencing, video conferencing, blogging, chatting and forums are used. However, this presents an additional challenges as not all the team members may be comfortable or know how to use these technologies and thus, some of the members can be at disadvantage unless they are trained on these collaborative technologies. However, training can add cost as well as loss of man hours for the organization. Coordination Barriers: Coordination barriers such as isolation, lack of cohesion, and so on can lead to problems like delays, priority shifts, and failure to keep the commitments. Coordination barriers can cause delays in communication and thus, delays in deliverables putting pressures on team members that can also cause conflicts as every team member would try to blame another member for any delays or discrepancies happening in the project deliverables. Technical Connectivity: Increasing failures of technologies make it difficult for teams to communicate with each other throughput without inconsistencies and this can put pressures on performance and collaboration among team members in virtual setting. For instance, in case a software is developed for project team members to chat with each other over intranet but intranet link is down then it would be challenging for them to communication which would lead to loss of opportunity communicate and coordinate. Insufficient Knowledge Transfer: Most of the communication happening between the members of a virtual team is through formal channels like emailing, document sharing, training and interviews. However, this can lead to lack of transfer of complete knowledge between the team members as the interaction would not be very interactive or interesting. Conclusions Recommendations The aim of this report was to identify challenges in project management when virtual teams are used for complex ICT projects. It was found that in any project or organization, there were different types of teams that existed with different goals such that even while working on a unified goal for single project goal, common challenges can still occur due to these differences such as false consensus, unresolved conflicts, closure avoidance, uneven team participation, calcified meetings, and lack of accountability. With use of virtual teams, more challenges were added such as technology adoration, lack of trust, lack of richness in communications, cultural differences, and differential knowledge of technology, coordination barriers, technological connectivity failures, insufficient knowledge transfer, and differential time zones. However, these challenges can be overcome by using the following recommended strategies: Trust can be built in virtual project team members when members are reliable, responsive and consistent in their performance. Thus project managers must work to encourage employees towards displaying these attributes and maintain a decorum to build trust between team members Cultural differences cannot be eliminated but if they are studied properly by a project manager such that he or she comes up with a shared approach considering all cultures which is acceptable to all, the conflicts arising due to cultural differences can be avoided to certain extent. Virtual team members lack richness in communication but if video conferences can be used to bring them together on a single platform, the communication can be enriched with verbal as well as non-verbal communication added to the interaction. However, this can be costly to the company and thus, a company may use it sparingly but use more of collaborative technologies that are more affordable such as audio conferencing, blogging and forum. However, while teams are encouraged to use these, the organizations should also make an attempt to provide them training on the use of technologies. If a stipulated time is allotted for training, it can lead to cost to the company and, thus, a project manager may only train the line managers or department heads who would then individually take care of training for their individual teams(Azimi, 2011). To enhance knowledge transfer among team members, some informal methods like storytelling, debating, mentoring or coaching may be used by the project manager to make things both interesting and interactive encourage teams to participate and interact with each other through discussions. Project manager has to act as a leader who can identify coordination barriers and take steps to eliminate or reduce them. Nemiro et al. (2008) says that a project leader must motivate team members, encourage coordination between them and develop teams through provision of unified goals and messages, establishing identities for teams and managing conflicts between them. Workers in remote locations can be monitored by project manager by using performance metrics, defined deliverables, and prototypes that can be integrated earlier in the project plan so as to bring in unified approaches and performance goals for teams as well as allow project manager to keep track of their performance in an unbiased manner to avoid conflicts or dissatisfaction among different team members. A code of conduct can be established and communicated to all team members by the project manager to bring cohesion and control over the work behaviour of people. Use of a common platform as a communication centre which is open to all the team members such that they can have access to same information and thus, are updated equally, can relieve coordination challenges. With teams having same and latest information, they can coordinate and communicate better on project which would enhance their interaction and reduce conflicts. For instance, management information systems that have access to everyone on the project can be used to obtain status of the project, its deliverables, goals and everything related such that while interacting with other team members, they would have the same data to talk about and there would not be any differences of opinion that can otherwise cause conflicts. A project manager may plan for meetings and collaborative activities during the time when all team members are present and thus, more interaction and collaboration is possible with more team members involved in group activities. Off-peak times when most of the project members are absent can be left for the hardcore work on individual goals. A personal level of interaction can be made possible between employees by bringing them together on non-formal platforms like chats, social media groups, forums, cultural gathering, and so on to encourage them to build relationships. Physical gatherings may also be encouraged from time to time to enhance coordination. While interactive sessions are introduced between team members, good opportunities must be provided to team members for active interaction such as through kick-off meetings, brainstorming sessions, conflict resolution sessions, new team member orientation program, milestone meetings and deliverable completion celebrations(Silva Silva, 2011). References Azimi, D., 2011. Virtual Project Collaboration, s.l.: NTNU. Barker, D., 2001. Virtual Project Office Project Extranets, s.l.: Project Magazine. Fisher, K. Fisher, M. D., 2001. The Distance Manger: A Hands-On Guide to Managing Off-Site Employees and Virtual Teams. New York: McGraw-Hill. Par', G. Dub, L., 2000. Virtual Teams: an Exploratory study of key challenges and strategies, Qubec, Canada: cole des Hautes tudes Commerciales de Montral. Rolfes, M., 2001. Virtual Project Management, s.l.: UMSL. Silva, M. Silva, S. d., 2011. Collaborative Project Management - Issues, methods and tools, s.l.: Universit de Strasbourg .